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Motor speech disorders > Motor Speech Disorders introduction > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The neurologic process of speech production involves:

A
  1. cognitive-linguistic process
  2. motor speech programming
  3. neuromuscular execution
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2
Q

What is the cognitive linguistic process?

A

The aspect of speech production involving an intention to communicate which is organized into the verbal symbols that follow the rules of language.

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3
Q

What is motor speech programming?

A

The intended communication has to be executed by the neuromuscular system. The speaker selects and organizes sensory programs that cause the appropriate speech muscles to be activated at the right times.

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4
Q

What is neromuscular execution?

A

The CNS and PNS innervate the necessary muscles of respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance to produce desired words.

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5
Q

What is the definition of motor speech disorders?

A

Disorders of speech resulting from neurologic impairment affecting the motor programming or neuromuscular execution of speech. They encompass apraxia of speech and the dysarthrias.

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6
Q

What are the two types of motor speech disorders?

A

dysarthria

apraxia of speech

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7
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

collective name for group of motor speech disorder resulting from disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the CNS or PNS. Can result in paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech musculature.

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8
Q

collective name for group of motor speech disorder resulting from disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the CNS or PNS. Can result in paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech musculature

A

Dysarthria

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9
Q

Disorders of speech resulting from neurologic impairment affecting the motor programming or neuromuscular execution of speech. They encompass apraxia of speech and the dysarthrias.

A

Motor speech disorders

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10
Q

Dysarthria affects the following subsystems of speech:

A
  • respiration
  • phonation
  • resonance
  • prosody
  • articulation
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11
Q

True or False: The site of lesion for Dysarthria is in the CNS

A

False, CNS and PNS

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12
Q

What are the types of dysarthria

A 
Flaccid dysarthria
hyperkinetic
hypokinetic
spastic dysarthria
mixed disarthria
ataxic dysarthria
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13
Q

What is Apraxia of Speech?

A

Neurogenic speech disorder resulting from impairment of the capacity to program sensorimotor commands for the positioning and movement of muscles for volitional production of speech. Occurs in the absence of weakness.

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14
Q

Neurogenic speech disorder resulting from impairment of the capacity to program sensorimotor commands for the positioning and movement of muscles for volitional production of speech. Occurs in the absence of weakness.

A

Apraxia of Speech

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15
Q

True or False: Both apraxia and dysarthria can co-occur with aphasia.

A

True

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16
Q

____________ more commonly co-occurs with aphasia.

A

Apraxia of speech

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17
Q

Apraxia affects the following sybsystems

A

Articulation: may be inconsistent errors, difficulty initiating speech
Prosody - due to starting and stopping in self-correcting

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18
Q

Course of disease can be:

A
  • Transient
  • Progressive
  • improving
  • stationary
  • exacerbating-remitting
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19
Q

Define transient:

A

symptoms don’t last, they disappear completely

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20
Q

Define improving

A

things are improving but some symptoms are still there - just not as severe

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21
Q

Define progressive

A

Symptoms don’t get better, they continue to get worse or new symptoms appear

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22
Q

Define exacerbating- remitting

A

symptoms occur, then get better then occur again; gets worse, then better

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23
Q

Define stationary

A

symptoms remain unchanged after they have reached maximum severity.

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24
Q

symptoms don’t last, they disappear completely

A

Transient

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25
things are improving but some symptoms are still there - just not as severe
what is improving
26
Symptoms don't get better, they continue to get worse or new symptoms appear
Progressive
27
symptoms occur, then get better then occur again; gets worse, then better
exacerbating-remitting
28
symptoms remain unchanged after they have reached maximum severity.
stationary
29
Development of symptoms
acute subacute chronic
30
Define acute
Comes on quickly within minutes
31
Define subacute
Comes within days
32
Defina Chronic:
comes on within months
33
Most motor speech disorders are associated with ______ disorders.
chronic
34
CNS involves
Cerebellum Brain stem cerebrum Spinal cord
35
``` The cerebrum consists of: ____________ lobes ____________ ____________ ____________ ```
4 lobes: frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal sulci gyri cortex
36
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Modifies cortical activity
37
What are the lobes of the cerebellum?
1. anterior 2. posterior 3. flocculondular
38
Brain stem consists of
Midbrain pons medulla
39
MIdbrain links the _______ to _______.
cerebrum | brainstem
40
Pons
Bridges to cerebellum
41
Bridges to cerebellum
Pons
42
Controls respiration
Medulla
43
Medulla
controls respiration
44
What are the 4 main anatomical levels of CNS?
- Supratentorial - Posterior - spinal - peripheral
45
Supratentorial
Made up of anterior & middle fossae. Contains the 4 lobes. as well as basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus & CN 1 and 2.
46
Made up of anterior & middle fossae. Contains the 4 lobes. as well as basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus & CN 1 and 2.
Supratentorial
47
Posterior antomical level
made up of posterior fossa. Contains brainstem, cerebellum, & cranial nerves III - XII
48
made up of posterior fossa. Contains brainstem, cerebellum, & cranial nerves III - XII
Posterior antomical level
49
3 cavities in base of skull. Fossa-ditch. Holes in fossae where cranial nerves exit skull- called foramina
Fossae
50
Which nerves originate in brain stem at the posterior fossa level?
CN III - XII
51
Which nerves originate in the supratentorial level?
CN I & II
52
Spinal anatomical level-
spinal cord begins at lower end of medulla surroudned by bony vertebral column. spinal cord ends at first lumbar vertebrae.
53
spinal cord begins at lower end of medulla surrounded by bony vertebral column. spinal cord ends at first lumbar vertebrae.
spinal anatomical level
54
Peripheral anatomical level
made up of 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of spinal nerve which exit skull through foramina
55
made up of 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of spinal nerve which exit skull through foramina
peripheral anatomical level
56
It is important for speech purposes that cranial nerves are _____, one from ______ one from ______ _____. This is protective.
paired left right side
57
What are the six neurologic systems?
1. ventricular 2. vascular 3. sensory system 4. neurochemical system 5. consciousness system 6. motor system
58
Cranial nerves emerge from base of ________ and penetrate skill through foramina to reach _____ _____ targets.
brainstem | sensory motor
59
What are the 3 meninges:
dura mater arachnoid pia mater
60
The dura mater is the
outer membrane- 2 layers fused together
61
The arachnoid mater is
below dura, loosely covers brain
62
The pia mater is the
innermost layer, closely attached to surface of brain
63
outer membrane- 2 layers fused together
dura mater
64
below dura, loosely covers brain
arachnoid mater
65
innermost layer, closely attached to surface of brain
pia mater
66
What are the spaces around the meninges?
epidural subdural subarachnoid
67
Epidural is between
dura and bone
68
subdural space is beneath ______
dura
69
Infections can occur in what two spaces due to trauma, blood & pus pool?
epidural and subdural
70
Subarachnoid is beneath ________ filled with ______, connected to inner part of brain via ________ system
arachnoid CSF ventricular
71
Beneath arachnoid - filled with CSF, connected to inner part of brain via ventricular system
subarachnoid
72
Vascular system function
provides oxygen and nutrients to structures and removes waste
73
Ventricular system AKA
cerebrospinal system
74
The ventricular system _______ the brain.
cushions
75
Brain receives bood from what 2 arterial systems
carotid and vertebral basilar system
76
Neurochemical system:
influences all anatomic levels of nervous system. includes Amino acids, ACH, and neuropeptides (protein molecules aid neurons in communicating).
77
This system influences all anatomic levels of nervous system. includes Amino acids, ACH, and neuropeptides (protein molecules aid neurons in communicating).
Neurochemical system
78
Consciousness system:
important for maintaining consciousness, attention & awareness of enironment. structures involved include those found at supratentorial and posterior fossae level. Damage can result in motor speech disorders.
79
This system is important for maintaining consciousness, attention & awareness of enironment. structures involved include those found at supratentorial and posterior fossae level. Damage can result in motor speech disorders
Consciousness system
80
Motor system:
responsible for all motor activity including that of speech. Includes efferent connection to cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, CNS/PNS pathways. Damage here can cause motor speech disorders.
81
This system is responsible for all motor activity including that of speech. Includes efferent connection to cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, CNS/PNS pathways. Damage here can cause motor speech disorders.
Motor system
82
Sensory system includes:
peripheral receptor organs
83
This system includes peripheral receptor organs
sensory system

Motor speech disorders (8 decks)

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