Structural elements

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

dendrites/axons projection. Axons end in synapses which release neurotransmitters.

Question 2

_________ is an importan neurotransmitter in neuromuscular synapses.

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

Release of AcH results in _________ of muscle fiber.

Answer 3

contraction

Question 4

Nerves are:

Answer 4

collection of many nerve fibers (axons). Cell bodies stay in CNS, nerves travel between cell bodies and peripheral end organ to be innervated.

Question 5

Groups of fibers traveling together in PNS are called _____.

Answer 5

nerves

Question 6

In CNS, groups of fibers are called _________ or _____.

Answer 6

pathways

tracts

Question 7

In CNS, pathways/tracts carry ____ to other neurons.

Answer 7

impulses

Question 8

In PNS, impulse is carried to ____ _____.

Answer 8

end organs

Question 9

motor unis is made up of:

Answer 9

the axon and the muscle fiber it innervates

Question 10

What are the three supporting glial cells

Answer 10

oligodendroglial
schwann cells
astrocytes

Question 11

oligondendroglial cells form myelin in _____

Answer 11

CNS

Question 12

schwann cells form myelin in ______

Answer 12

PNS

Question 13

Astrocytes are found in _____ .

Answer 13

CNS

Question 14

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 14

help move substances between blood and neurons of CNS-Part of blood brain barrier that keeps toxins from brain.

Question 15

These supporting glial cells help move substances between blood and neurong of CNS-Part of bood brain barrier that keeps toxins from brain.

Answer 15

astrocytes

Question 16

Neurons can be damaged due to lack of _______ caused by disruption in blood supply

Answer 16

Oxygen (ischemia)

Question 17

______ may be separated from cell body resulting in motor speech problems.

Answer 17

Axons

Question 18

If lower motor neuron innervation to muscle is lost muscle will ______.

Answer 18

atrophy

Question 19

_____ can shrink due to injuries. Certain disease attack _______.

Answer 19

Myelin

Question 20

What are the diseases that attack myelin?

Answer 20

multiple sclerosis & Guillian Barre

Question 21

Thalamus

Answer 21

paired structure deep inside the brain. Acts as a relay station. helps mediate speech, language, & cognitive function. Also integral part of motor control system.

Question 22

Acts as a relay station.

Answer 22

Thalamus

Question 23

This structure helps mediate speech, language, & cognitive function. Also integral part of motor control system.

Answer 23

Thalamus

Question 24

Basal ganglia is located inside ______

Answer 24

cerebrum

Question 25

Basal ganglia is important part of _____ ______ system.

Answer 25

motor speech

Question 26

Basal ganglia consists of :

Answer 26

Globus pallidus striatum: putamen &caudate nucleus Lentiform nucleus - composed of globus pallidus & putamen

Question 27

reticular formation is part of ______ and is important for ______ _______.

Answer 27

brainstem | motor control

Question 28

reticular formation is

Answer 28

part of brainstem and is important for motor control

Question 29

substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclie are important in _____ ______ and work with _____ _____.

Answer 29

motor control | basal ganglia

Question 30

substantia nigra is located primarily in ____

Answer 30

midbrain.

Question 31

Define focal

Answer 31

found in single area

Question 32

Define multifocal

Answer 32

found in more than one are

Question 33

define diffuse:

Answer 33

involve bilateral symmetric parts of nervous system, such as dementia, where there is generalized cerebral atrophy

Question 34

Etiologies capable of producing motor speech disorders-broad categories:

Answer 34

``` degenerative disease inflammatory diseases toxic- metabolic diseases neuroplastic traumatic injuries vascular diseases ```

Question 35

degenerative diseases:

Answer 35

gradual decline in neuronal function

Question 36

inflammatory diseases

Answer 36

menengitis

Question 37

toxic-metabolic diseases

Answer 37

due to vitamin deficiencies, drug toxicity

Question 38

neuroplastic disorder

Answer 38

tumors

Question 39

traumatic injuries

Answer 39

gunshot, car accidents, falls

Question 40

vascular diseases:

Answer 40

cardiovascular accidents most common, neurons deprived of oxygen due to disruption in blood supply. CVA results in focal lesions and is acute.