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Biology Of The Mind > Motor Systems And Locomotion > Flashcards

Motor Systems And Locomotion Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Golgi tendon organ innervated by?!

A

Ib afferents

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2
Q

What is a motor unit?!

A

Motto neurones and the innervated muscle

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3
Q

What type of motoneurones go to the muscle?!

A

Alpha

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4
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved with neuromuscular junctions?!

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

What is the muscle spindle?!

A

Sensory apparatus of the muscle

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6
Q

Does the muscle spindle lie in parallel or series with the muscle fibres?!

A

Parallel

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7
Q

What does the muscle spindle detect?!

A

Detects change in muscle length

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8
Q

What does the Golgi tendon organ do?!

A

Detects muscle tension or force

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10
Q

What does the muscle spindle enable?!

A

Regulation of muscle contraction and precisely matches force generation to motor tasks

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11
Q

What type of receptor is the Golgi tendon organ?!

A

Mechanoreceptor

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12
Q

What does the muscle spindle comprise of?!

A

Intrafusal muscle

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13
Q

What does extrafusal muscle do?!

A

Generates force and forms the bulk of the muscle

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14
Q

What is extrafusal muscle innervated by?!

A

Alpha motor neurones

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15
Q

What is the Intrafusal muscle innervated by?!

A

Gamma motor neurones

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16
Q

What does the Intrafusal muscle do?!

A

Acts as a sensory receptor

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17
Q

What happens when an alpha motor neurone is activated?!

A

The muscle contracts

Muscle spindle slackens and no longer is sensitive to stretch of muscle

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18
Q

What happens when a gamma motor neurone is activated?!

A

Muscle contracts as does the spindle fibre allowing it to be sensitive to the stretch of the muscle

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19
Q

What is the characteristics of classes I & II for sensory afferents?!

A

Large diameter
Rapidly conducting
Often mechanoreceptors

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20
Q

What are the characteristics for III & IV for sensory afferents?!

A

Small diameter
Slow conducting
Often nociceptors and thermoreceptors

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21
Q

What do primary afferents group Ia do?!

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A

Stretch and rate of change in stretch

22
Q

What do secondary afferents group II do?!

23
Q

What do group III and above do?!

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A

Nociceptive from muscle

24
Q

What do group Ib from Golgi tendon organs do?!

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A

Signal force change in muscle

25
Q

What does the tendon reflex respond to?!

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A

Excess contraction

27
Does the Golgi tendon organ lie in series or parallel to the muscle fibre?!
Series
28
Why is the stretch reflex mono somatic?!
No inter neurone
29
Which reflexes are polysomatic?!
Flexor reflex Withdrawal reflex Crossed extensor
30
What is reciprocal in the stretch reflex?!
Inhibitory - goes to the antagonist muscle to prevent damage
31
What is the main goal of tendon reflex?!
To cause relaxation therefore it is inhibitory
32
Is the tendon reflex monosomatic or polysomatic?!
Polysomatic - contains an inter neurone
33
What does reciprocal innervation of the tendon reflex cause?!
Contraction
34
What is the sensory receptor in the tendon reflex?!
Tendon organ
35
When does the withdrawal reflex occur?!
In response to a painful stimuli
36
Why does the motor neurones ascend and descend in the withdrawal reflex?!
Different sections of the spinal cord innervate different parts of the hamstring muscle = intersegmental
37
Which reflexes are monosomatic?!
stretch reflex
39
What is the crossed extensor reflex in conjunction with?!
The withdrawal reflex
40
Which reflexes share the same stimuli?!
Crossed extensor and withdrawal reflex
41
Which reflexes are intersegmental?!
Crossed extensor and withdrawal reflex
42
What are muscle spindles innervated by?!
Group Ia or II nerve fibres
47
Why is the crossed extensor Contralateral?!
The inter neurones cross the midline of the spinal cord in order to stimulate extensor muscles in the other limb for balance
50
What do motor units vary in?!
Size Amount of tension produced Speed of contraction Degree of fatigability
55
Why is the stretch reflex ipsolateral?!
Motor impulse leaves from the same side from which is arose
65
What is a motor pool?!
All of the motoneurones innervating a single muscle
66
What does the corticospinal tract descend through?!
Medulla Midbrain Pons
67
Where do motor signals synapse in the corticospinal tract?!
Ventral horn
68
What is the basal ganglia involved with?!
Selection and initiation of movements
69
What is the cerebellum involved with?!
Co-ordination of movements
70
What is the vestibular system involved with?!
Important in postural control

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