Mouth lecture

Question 1

The openings for the sublingual duct lie where

Answer 1

on either side of the inferior labial frenulum.

Question 2

Describe the palate

Answer 2

Anterior 2/3 is our hard palate made of bone.

Posterior 1/2 is our soft palate made of skeletal muscle. Uvula extends

Question 3

When swelling, how do the soft palate. and uvula act?

Answer 3

They. both elevate and close off the the opening of the nasal pharynx

Question 4

What is a. fauces

Answer 4

opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Question 5

Explain the innervation of the tongue.

Answer 5

Posterior ⅓, both sensation AND taste = glossopharyngeal N (CN 9)

Anterior ⅔ taste = facial (CN 7)

Anterior ⅔ sensory = lingual (branch of the mandibular N. [branch of CN V3]

Movement for the entire tongue = hypoglossal

Question 6

what CN moves the entire tongue?

Answer 6

HYPOGLOSSAL N (CN 11)

Question 7

What tissue covers tongue

Answer 7

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

action of tongue

Answer 8

manipulates and mixed ingested materials when we chew. It compresses partially digested shit against palate- > turns it into a bolus.

helps with swallowing

Question 9

whats on the inferior surface of tongue

Answer 9

attached to oral cavity by. lingual frenulum

Question 10

what is on the posterior surface of tongue

Answer 10

lingual tonsils

Question 11

what kind of muscle moves the tongue

Answer 11

skeletal

Question 12

When would one produce most saliva?

Answer 12

meal time. smaller amounts are continuously. made to. ensure oral cavity. stays moist

Question 13

____ makes up 99%. of saiva

Answer 13

water

Question 14

What are our three salivary glands

Answer 14

1. parotid glands
2. submandibular glands
3. sublingual glands

Question 15

Parasympathetic axons in what nerve stimulates parotid salivary secretions?

Answer 15

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal

Question 16

Parasympathetic axons in what cranial nerve stimulates salivary secretion in the sublingual and submandibular gland?

Answer 16

Facial N

Question 17

What stimulates mucus secretion from the sublingual gland?

Answer 17

Sympathetic fibers from the cervical ganglia.

so when scared: parasympathetics turn off, sympathetics turn on, causing thee sublingual gland to secrete mucus -> mouth gets sticks.

Question 18

what is the largest salivary gland

Answer 18

parotid salivary gland

it makes 25-30% of saliva and it is conducted through parotid duct -> oral cavity.

It opens into the oral vestibule near the 2nd molar on top of mouth

Question 19

what salivary. gland makes the most saliva

Answer 19

submandibular

duct opens from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral side of each frenulum

Question 20

describe sublingual glands

Answer 20

sublingual glands only secrete 3-5% of saliva. It is mostly mucosa. It sends 12 sublingual ducts that. open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, behind the submandibular duct papilla

Question 21

Parotid gland secretes _______ secretions

Submandibular gland secretes _______ secretions

Sublingual gland secretes _______ secretions

Answer 21

SEROUS ONLY

BOTH MUCOUS AND SEROUS

BOTH MUCOUS AND SEROUS

Question 22

what is the fx of saliva?

Answer 22

mostens ingested food so that it can become a semisolid bolus -> easy to swallow.

moistens and cleans oral cavity

Dissolves food modules so our taste receptors can be stimulated

Question 23

how does saliva help to inhibit bacteria growth in mouth

Answer 23

has Ab and lysolyzems

Question 24

First step in chemical digestion occurs when

Answer 24

amylase in saliva breaks down CARBS

Question 25

First part of the. mechanical digestion process is what?

Answer 25

teeth

Question 26

a tooth has what?

Answer 26

1. exposed crown 2. Constricted neck 3. one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw.

Question 27

how do our teeth attach to maxilla and mandible

Answer 27

roots of teeth fit tightly into the dental alveoli, sockets in the alveolar process of both mandible and maxilla

Question 28

What is a GOMPHOSIS JOINT

Answer 28

roots + dental alveoli, bound together by a periodontal L

Question 29

two sets of teeth arise during lifetime. what are they

Answer 29

Between 6 months and-30 months after birth: milk teeth (20 teeth). they. are lost and replaced by 32 teeth.

Question 30

what perm teeth appear first

Answer 30

1. more anteriorly placed perm teeth | 2. posterior teeth

Question 31

what are the last teeth. to erupt?

Answer 31

third molars (wisdom teeth), in late teens or early. 20s however, our jaw often lacks room for them so they fgrow at angles or become impacted, which cannot erupt correctly. bc of the angle they. are growing in

Question 32

name deciduous teeth

Answer 32

Incisors (2) Canine (1) Molars (2) 20 total

Question 33

Name permanent teeth

Answer 33

Incisors (2) Canine (1) Premolars (2) Molars (3) 32 total

Question 34

swallowing phases

Answer 34

1. Voluntary phase: bolus of food is pushed against hard palate -> oropharynx d/t tongue muscles * and soft palate while soft palate is being tensed by TVP m. 2. Pharyngeal phase (involuntary and rapid): bolus moves toward oropharxn, soft palate lifts up, closes nasopharynx. Epiglottis closes the laryngeal openin. Pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus as the supra hyoid m and longitudinal pharyngeal m constrict, elevating larynx. 3. Esophageal phase (involuntary): ESO muscles contract push bolus -> stomach: soft palate and EP return to original position

Question 35

alimentary layer of cervical viscera

Answer 35

Pharynx 1. nasopharynx: above the uvula -> palatoglossal arch 2. oropharynx: uvula -> apex of the EPO 3. Layngopharnx: EPO -> cricoid cartilage

Question 36

what tube is located most anterior?

Answer 36

air tubes in front of food tube: LARYNX bc if airway is compromised, we can get to it quickly

Question 37

how does palate twerk

Answer 37

1. Tensor veli palatini (CN 5) tenses the soft palate: swings pterygoid hamlulus 2. Levator veli palatini (CNX) elevates the tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube this is how we swallow

Question 38

what muscle is external to pharyngeal constrictors?

Answer 38

stylopharyngeus m goes in between the superior and middle constrictor m.

Question 39

attachment of superior pharyngeal constrictor m

Answer 39

runs to the pterygomandibular raphe and comes off sphenoid bone superiorly Buccinator is also attached here and projects anterior

Question 40

attachment of middle pharyngeal constrictor m

Answer 40

hyoid bone

Question 41

attachment of inferior pharyngeal constrictor m

Answer 41

around cricoid and thyroid cartilage

Question 42

what arches are located around the palatine tonsil

Answer 42

1. palatoglossal arch | 2. palatopharyngeal arch

Question 43

What nerve can be found deep to the palatine tonsil? A TAG!

Answer 43

glossopharyngeal N !!!!!!!1 | in between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

Question 44

3 muscles work together to drop down the cartilage of pharnygotympanic tube (open it) when we swallow to equalize pressure in middle ear (example: on planes)

Answer 44

The superior constrictor, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini depress the torus tubarius.

Question 45

What happens if the tensor veli palatini or levator veli palatini are paralyzed? What nerves innervate them?

Answer 45

Oral contents will reflux into the oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction. Levator veli palatini is the laryngeal branch of the vagus N. Tensor veli palatini is medial pterygoid N (a branch of V3 — off of the trigeminal)