Mouth, Tongue, Pharynx and palate

Question 1

Describe the different regions of the mandible

Answer 1

Question 2

what muscle attaches to the inferior mental spines?

Answer 2

geniohyoid

Question 3

where does the mylohyoid attach?

Answer 3

mylohyoid groove and the hyoid bone

Question 4

what nerve wraps around the submandibular duct?

Answer 4

the lingual nerve

Question 5

what is the ridge at the back of the tongue called?

Answer 5

terminal sulcus

Question 6

describe the muscles of the tongue

Answer 6

three direction ones (intrinstic)

(verticle, transverse and longitudinal)

palatoglossus (extrinsic)

styloglossus (extrinsic)

hyoglossus (extrinsic)

genioglossus (extrinsic)

Question 7

what nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 7

hypoglossal nerve - everything except the palatoglossus which is supplied by the vagus nerve

Question 8

describe the sensory nerve supply to the tongue

Answer 8

lingual (anterior 2/3)

glossopharyngeal posterior (1/3)

Question 9

what nerves supply taste sensation to the tongue?

Answer 9

vagus

glossopharyngeal

Chorda tympani

Question 10

describe the lymph drainage of the tongue

Answer 10

divided into 5 regions

all of back- drains to both sides superior deep cervical lymph nodes

middle region - both sides inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

sides of tongue - only to respective sides - submandibular lymph

tip of tongue - both sides to submental lymph nodes

Question 11

the hard palate is composed of what bone?

Answer 11

palatine process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone

Question 12

the soft palate is composed of what?…

Answer 12

tensor palati

levator palati

palatoglossus

palatopharyngeus

Question 13

what nerves go into the palatine fossa?

Answer 13

the greater and lesser palatine nerves

Question 14

What is the blood supply to the palate?

Answer 14

greater and lesser palatine arteries (branches of the maxillary artery)

Question 15

where is the pharynx attached to the skull ?

Answer 15

anterior to foramen magnum

Question 16

what are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 16

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 17

what are the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 17

superior, middle and inferior constrictor

Question 18

where does the middle constrictor attach?

Answer 18

at the hyoid bone

Question 19

where does the inferior constrictor attach?

Answer 19

off of either side of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage

Question 20

where does the superior constrictor muscle attach?

Question 21

what innervates the constrictor muscles?

Answer 21

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Question 22

what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 22

stylopharyngeus

spaingopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus

Question 23

what type of fascia lines the inner surface of the pharynx?

Answer 23

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 24

what fascia coats the outside of the muscular part of the wall of the pharynx?

Answer 24

the bucopharyngeal fascia (part of cervical fascia)

Question 25

what structures are part of the nasopharynx?

Answer 25

eustachian tube opening, tubal tonsil and adenoid tonsil

Question 26

what tonsil is located in the oropharynx?

Answer 26

palatine tonsil

Question 27

the piriform fossa is located in what part of the pharynx?

Answer 27

the laryngopharynx

Question 28

what is the narrowest part of the pharynx?

Answer 28

cricopharyngeus at C6

Question 29

what is a pharyngeal diverticulum?

Answer 29

occurs between thyro and crico parts of the inferior constrictor muscle - called killians dehiscence - bulges out the back and pushes the oesophagus laterally so food collects in this pouch

Question 30

what is the sensory innervation for the parts of the pharynx?

Answer 30

naspharynx = maxillary

oropharynx = glossopharyngeal

laryngo pharynx = vagus

Question 31

what is waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 31

tubule tonsils, adenoids, lingual tonsils and palatine tonsils

Question 32

Describe the process of swallowing

Answer 32

1. close nasopharynx - by elevating soft palate by levator and tensor palati
2. open eustachian tube - levator palati
3. close larynx - larynx lifted by mylohyoid, stylohyoid and digastric
4. open oesophagus - cricopharyngeus opens