Scalp, Face, Parotid

Question 1

describe the layers of the scalp

Answer 1

“SCALP”

skin

connective tissue

aponeurosis of the two muscles

loose connective tissue

pericranium (same as periostium)

skull

* when you move your skull, there is a layer that is the loose connective tissue that can move*

Question 2

what is the nerves supply to trapezius

Answer 2

Accessory Nerve

Question 3

the periosteum attaches to what line?

Answer 3

attaches to the suture line - so it limits the bleeding below

Question 4

Why does a sub-galeal haematoma bleed so much more?

Answer 4

because the layer extends across the whole scalp including at your eyes -

Question 5

describe the blood supply to the scalp

Answer 5

supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, post auricular artery, occipital artery

*veins go with arteries

Question 6

where does the external jugular vein go from on surface anatomy?

Answer 6

begins at angle of mandible, goes down and pierces deep fascia 1cm above mid clavicle

Question 7

describe the surface anatomy of the internal jugular vein

Answer 7

goes from Temporal mandibular joint to the sternalclavicular joint

Question 8

what salivary glands are in the face?

Answer 8

parotid gland

submandibular gland

sublinqual gland

Question 9

Describe the parotid gland

Answer 9

•Forms in the 6th week of development ( prenatally)

•

•It is a major paired salivary gland. Secretes 25% of saliva

•

•It is an exocrine gland (doesn’t secrete into the blood like endocrine)

•

• Secretes a- amylase – breaks down starch
• Serous ( watery secretions)
• Lymph nodes in the parotid glands

Question 10

parotid tumours are…

Answer 10

uncommon and usually benign

• they are unsightly however
• the problem is that the facial nerve runs through the parotid gland, so surgery could potentially risk loss of facial movements

Question 11

What is the surgical sive?

Answer 11

infective

inflammatory

congenital

vascular

metabolic?

Question 12

mumps causes swelling of what gland?

Answer 12

cuases swelling of the parotid gland - pain, fever, muscle aches etc

Question 13

the facial nerve goes through what gland?

Answer 13

the parotid gland - which wraps around the ramus of the manidble

Question 14

which muscle clenches your teeth?

Answer 14

masetor

Question 15

describe the path of the 7th cranial nerve

Answer 15

it enters hea dthrough the stylomastoid foramen - then travels through the internal acoustic meatus

Question 16

describe the nerves of the face

Answer 16

Ten Zombies Beat Up My Cat

• temporal - going up to frontalis
• zygomatic

buccal

• mandibular
• masseter
• Cervcal

Question 17

Describe the facial muscles

Answer 17

obicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, frontalis, and buccinator(which pushes food into the inside of your mouth)

• what is a bucci’s mouth? the weight of the face pulls down the side of your mouth

Question 18

Describe the major facial muscles and their innervation

Answer 18

Question 19

What is bells palsy?

Answer 19

bells palsy is the idiopathic palsy - we don’t know what causes it =can be infective, neoplastic, inflammtory

• it is likely that a lot of them are viral - they have a better chance of recovery if you give them a steroid and an antiviral - but it could very well be a tumour etc

Question 21

what do you consider with a brain tumour?

Answer 21

is it attached to the skull or is it just superficial?- if it’s attached then the reconstruction is more difficult b/c you’re down to the bone layer

Question 22

describe the lymph nodes of the neck and head

Answer 22

Question 23

where do the thoracic ducts empty into?

Answer 23

into the brachiocephalic vein

Question 25

The deep cervical lymph nodes run along what vein?

Answer 25

Internal jugular vein