Movement Analysis & Biomechanical Principles

Question 1

isometric

Answer 1

contraction with no motion

Question 2

contraction

Answer 2

shortening of muscle

Question 3

eccentric

Answer 3

controlling movement against a force (usually gravity)

Question 4

moment

Answer 4

a potential for torque

Question 5

closed chain

Answer 5

distal segment is fixed (someone is holing on to something so they can not move freely)

Question 6

open chain

Answer 6

a segment is not fixed, able to freely move

Question 7

chain

Answer 7

each major joint are links of chain

Question 8

Dynamic assessment

Answer 8

the entire task

Question 9

static assessment

Answer 9

assessment of a single phase

Question 10

phase

Answer 10

part of a task that has an end and beginning

Question 11

What can indicate a phase change?

Answer 11

-direction change
-addition of new force
-change in contraction

Question 12

Kinematics

Answer 12

describe motion, without forces

Question 13

Kinematic variables

Answer 13

-location of movement
-direction of movement
-magnitude of movement
-rate or duration of motion

Question 14

4 types of motion/displacement a rigid object can travel?

Answer 14

-rotary
-translatory
-gliding/sliding
-curvilinear

Question 15

Rotary

Answer 15

-all about torque
-movement around a “fixed object” in curved path
-each point on the object moves at the same angle, each point going in the same time, kept at a constant distance from axis of rotation

Question 16

translatory

Answer 16

-linear
-movement in a straight line
-each point of the object move the same distance in parallel paths
-usually coupled with rotary movement

Question 17

gliding/sliding

Answer 17

-accessory motion
-another form of translation

Question 18

curvilinear

Answer 18

-object moves forward then changes direction

Question 19

3 cardinal planes

Answer 19

coronal (frontal), transverse, sagittal plane

Question 20

degrees of freedom

Answer 20

-DF
-about or around an axis (rotation)
-along an axis (distance) (translation)

Question 21

osteokinematics

Answer 21

direction of motion

Question 22

sagittal plane

Answer 22

-front/back (flexion & extension)
-on medial to lateral axis (M-L)

Question 23

frontal (coronal)

Answer 23

-on anterior to posterior axis
-abduction/adduction (shoulder & hip only)
-lateral flexion/ side bending (SB) (spine only)

Question 24

transverse

Answer 24

-longitudinal or vertical axis
-external/lateral rotation (shoulder & hip only)
-internal/medial rotation (shoulder and hip only)
-rotation (L/R) (spine only

Question 25

External forces of kinetics

Answer 25

gravity, wind, friction

Question 26

internal forces of kinetics

Answer 26

skeletal muscle (active) inert tendon, ligament, fascia, fat (passive) internal friction

Question 27

force vectors

Answer 27

-point of application (POA) -magnitude action line/line of action (direction & angle)

Question 28

how is a rotary component drawn?

Answer 28

perpendicular to lever at the point of application (POA)

Question 29

how is tension or compression component drawn?

Answer 29

parallel to lever from POA

Question 30

what is stability?

Answer 30

firmness of balance ability to resist a disturbing force

Question 31

what does balance depend on?

Answer 31

strength quickness/agility proprioception

Question 32

what is a perturbation?

Answer 32

a disturbance of balance

Question 33

when looking at BOS to have better balance should there be more or less points on the surface?

Answer 33

- base of support -more

Question 34

where should ones center of mass fall?

Answer 34

within base support

Question 35

if ones center of mass does not fall within their BOS does that mean they will fall?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

how does area play a role in stability of BOS?

Answer 36

the wider the area the more stable and how close the center of mass falls to edge of BOS

Question 37

how does body weight influence stability?

Answer 37

the more body weight one has the more stable they will be

Question 38

what does frictional characteristics have to do with stability?

Answer 38

static and dynamic co-efficent plays a role

Question 39

how does direction of force apply to stability?

Answer 39

the more aligned one is with the direction the force is coming from the more stable they will be

Question 40

what is the relationship of movement velocity and stability?

Answer 40

the faster you are going in the direction the force is applied the more stable you are

Question 41

what is inertia?

Answer 41

the ability to resist the imitation of a force and the change in motion

Question 42

describe law of inertia

Answer 42

-concerned with objects in equilibrium -an object will remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force

Question 43

describe law of acceleration

Answer 43

acceleration will occur if the force is bigger than the mass it is trying to move

Question 44

describe law of reaction

Answer 44

-an opposite and equal reaction for every action

Question 45

how can law of reaction be misleading?

Answer 45

when one object applies a force to a second object, the second object must also apply a force equal in magnitude and in the opposite direction

Question 46

where is reaction force applied?

Answer 46

at center of pressure (COP) with the arrow pointing to Center of mass

Question 47

how can one produce or change momentum?

Answer 47

must be an external force

Question 48

momentum

Answer 48

quantity of motion possessed by a body

Question 49

when inertia (resistance) decreases what happen to angular velocity?

Answer 49

increases

Question 50

what determines the quantity of angular momentum?

Answer 50

the torque applied overtime at the point of takeoff

Question 51

can in flight angular momentum change?

Answer 51

no

Question 52

torque

Answer 52

moment of force force X distance

Question 53

what does maximum force/velocity rely on?

Answer 53

-timely addition of joint torques -max torque production at each joint -participation of all joints possible

Question 54

parallel system

Answer 54

all forces have parallel lines of action force couples

Question 55

force couples

Answer 55

-2 forces parallel but pulling in opposite directions -synergistic muscles

Question 56

first class lever system

Answer 56

joint in middle effort on one side and resistance on the other sea saw

Question 57

effort

Answer 57

-always agonist -mover (creating motion)

Question 58

resistance

Answer 58

-antagonist

Question 59

second class lever system

Answer 59

fulcrum then RA then EA usually eccentric contractions at most joints classic wheel barrel -favors power and efficiency

Question 60

third class lever system

Answer 60

fulcrum then effort arm then resistance arm usually concentric contraction at most joints -favors speed & ROM -less efficient

Question 61

how does a mechanical advantage indicate efficiency?

Answer 61

the greater the efficiency the less Effort necessary to overcome a greater Resistance