movement analysis (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Name the three basic parts that make up an lever

Answer 1

Fulcrum
effort
resistance

Question 2

Define fulcrum

Answer 2

The part of the lever system that pivots ; joints are the fulcrums in the body’s lever system

Question 3

Define resistance

Answer 3

The load to be moved by a lever system ; usually this involves weight when the body’s lever systems are involved

Question 4

Define effort

Answer 4

The force applied to move the resistance or weight ; in the body, the effort is provided muscles exerting a force.

Question 5

Define a first class lever

Answer 5

Found at the elbow joint , where the triceps causes extension of the lower arm

Question 6

Name a sporting example of a first class lever

Answer 6

Darts throw

Question 7

Define a second class lever

Answer 7

A lever found at the ankle, where the gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion

Question 8

Where is the fulcrum , resistance and effort placed in a first class lever ?

Answer 8

Resistance (left)
Fulcrum (middle)
Effort (right)

Question 9

Where is the fulcrum, resistance and effort placed in a second class lever ?

Answer 9

Resistance (middle)
Fulcrum (right)
Effort (left)

Question 10

Example of a second class lever ?

Answer 10

Push-ups

Question 11

Define a third class lever

Answer 11

The majority of the body’s joints act as a third class levers; for example biceps acting at the elbow to cause plantar flexion

Question 12

Where is the Fulcrum, resistance and effort placed in a third class lever ?

Answer 12

Resistance (left)
Fulcrum (Right)
Effort (middle)

Question 13

Example of a third class lever

Answer 13

Bicep curl

Question 14

Define mechanical advantage

Answer 14

The benefit to a lever system of having either a short effort arm - giving rapid movements over a large range of movement- or short resistance arm giving the advantage of being able to move a heavy weight.

Question 15

Equation for mechanical advantage ?

Answer 15

Mechanical advantage = effort arm / resistance arm

Question 16

Define agonist

Answer 16

The prime mover - muscles that cause movement

Question 17

Define antagonistic

Answer 17

Muscles that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract

Question 18

define tendons

Answer 18

Attach muscles to bone

Question 19

name the different muscle contractions for movement ?

Answer 19

Isotonic
concentric
eccentric
isometric

Question 20

Define isotonic

Answer 20

Muscles action where the muscles changes length- causes movement

Question 21

Define isometric

Answer 21

Muscles action where the muscle stays the same length - used in balance

Question 22

Define concentric

Answer 22

Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens

Question 23

Define eccentric

Answer 23

isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens - used to control downward movements.

Question 24

Name the three planes

Answer 24

Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal

Question 25

Define Sagittal

Answer 25

Forward and backward movement

Question 26

Define frontal

Answer 26

side to side movements

Question 27

define transverse

Answer 27

rotational or turning movements

Question 28

Name the three axis's

Answer 28

Transverse axis sagittal axis Longitudinal

Question 29

Define sagittal plane and transverse axis

Answer 29

Plane and axis for forwards and backwards movements-direction for extension and flexion

Question 30

Define frontal plane and sagittal axis

Answer 30

Plane and axis for side to side movements - direction for abductiuon and adduction

Question 31

Define transverse plane and longitudinal axis

Answer 31

plane and axis for rotating movements - direction for rotations and spins

Question 32

Define Deltoid

Answer 32

Muscle causing flexion at the shoulder

Question 33

Define latissimus dorsi

Answer 33

Muscle causing extension at the shoulder

Question 34

Define biceps

Answer 34

Muscle causing flexion at the elbow

Question 35

Define triceps

Answer 35

Muscle causing extension at the elbow

Question 36

Define Hamstrings

Answer 36

Group of muscles causing flexion at the knee

Question 37

Define quadriceps

Answer 37

Group of muscles that cause extension at the knee

Question 38

What is plantar flexion

Answer 38

Involves the gastrocnemius muscle contracting to push out the foot straight

Question 39

What is dorsi flexion ?

Answer 39

Involves the tibialis anterior muscles contracting and pulling the toes up towards the shin

Question 40

Gastrocnemius ?

Answer 40

Muscle causing plantar flexion at the ankle

Question 41

Tibialis anterior ?

Answer 41

Muscle causing dorsi flexion