The structure and function of the cardio respitory system

Question 1

How does the respitory system work

Answer 1

Breath in air

Moves through nose and then down i to the tranchea
Trachea takes air from throat to lungs

Trachea divides into two branches called the bronchi then divides even smaller into the bronchioles

Alveoli are at the end of the bronchioles and the air is absorbed by the alveoli and diffused into the blood

Question 2

Define trachea

Answer 2

Carries air from the mouth to the lungs

Question 3

Define bronchi

Answer 3

Carries air from the bronchi to the alveoli

Question 4

Define lungs

Answer 4

Pair of large spongy organs optimised for gas exchange between our blood and the air

Question 5

Define alveoli

Answer 5

Many tiny air sacs in the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

Question 6

How does gaseous exchange take place

Answer 6

Diffusion

Question 7

Describe gaseous exchange

Answer 7

The oxygen levels in the alveoli are relatively high concentration diffuses into the blood capillaries where the oxygen concentration levels are low

Question 8

Define hemoglobin

Answer 8

The red pigment found in red blood cells

Question 9

Define oxyhemoglobin

Answer 9

when oxygen combines with hemoglobin n

Question 10

What type of process is diffusion

Answer 10

Passive

Question 11

Describe alveoli

Answer 11

Walls very thin and moist

Question 12

Name the two process of breathing

Answer 12

Inspiration and expiration

Question 13

Define inspiration

Answer 13

The intake of air into the lungs, which is brought about by increasing the volume of the lungs chest cavity

Question 14

Define expiration

Answer 14

Is the expulsion of air from the lungs through reducing the volume of the chest cavity

Question 15

What happens to the chest during inspiration

Answer 15

Chest expands
Diaphragm contracts
Intercostal muscles contract

Question 16

What happens to the chest during expiration

Answer 16

Diaphragm curves and returns to dome shape

Breathing muscles relax

Question 17

Define abdominal muscles

Answer 17

The muscles which help for air out of the lungs and say speed up expiration

Question 18

Tidal volume

Answer 18

The volume of air breathe in or out during a normal breath at rest

Question 19

Expiratory reserve the volume

Answer 19

Additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal title volume

Question 20

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 20

The aditional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

Question 21

Define residual volume

Answer 21

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration

Question 22

Name the three types of blood vessels

Answer 22

Artery
Vein
Capillary

Question 23

Define the function of an artery

Answer 23

Carries blood away from the heart

Question 24

Define the function of the capillaries

Answer 24

Huge network of vessels linking are rise and veins

Question 25

Define the function of a vein

Answer 25

Carry blood towards the heart

Question 26

What type of blood do arteries carry

Answer 26

Oxygenated blood

Question 27

What type of blood does a vine carry

Answer 27

Deoxygenated blood

Question 28

Describe an artery

Answer 28

Thick, muscular and elastic walls to withstand pressure | Small lumen

Question 29

Describe a vein

Answer 29

Thin walled Large lumen Contain valves to prevent back flow

Question 30

Describe a capillary

Answer 30

Very thin walls (one cell thick) to allow rapid diffusion of substances into and out of the blood

Question 31

Define vasoconstriction

Answer 31

Reducing the diameter of small arteries to reduce blood flow to tissues

Question 32

Define vasodilation

Answer 32

Increasing the diameter of small arteries to increase blood flow to tissues

Question 33

Define the heart

Answer 33

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that pumps blood around the body.

Question 34

What are the four compartments of the heart

Answer 34

Left ventricle Right ventricle Left atrium Right atrium

Question 35

What is the job of the atria

Answer 35

Collects blood from the veins

Question 36

What is the job of the ventricles

Answer 36

Pumps blood through the arteries

Question 37

Define the cardia cycle

Answer 37

Sequence of events the occur when the heart beats

Question 38

Define systole

Answer 38

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 39

Describe the events of the cardiac cycle

Answer 39

Blood travels the right side of the heart Pumped to the lungs Travels back to the left side of the heart and is pumped out of the heart

Question 40

Define cardiac output

Answer 40

Volume of blood that the heart is able to pump out

Question 41

What are the two major factors of cardiac output

Answer 41

Heart rate and stroke volume

Question 42

Define heart rate

Answer 42

Number of times the heart beats a minute

Question 43

Define stroke volume

Answer 43

Volume of blood that leaves the heart

Question 44

Equation for cardiac output

Answer 44

Heart rate x stroke volume