Movement Disorders

Question 1

What are the treatments for Essential Tremor?

Answer 1

Propranolol, primidone, topiramate

Question 2

What are the treatments for Huntington Disease?

Answer 2

Symptomatic — valbenazine, tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine

Question 3

What causes Drug-Induced Dystonia (Tardive Dyskinesia)?

Answer 3

1. Antipsychotics
2. Antiemetics
3. Antidepressants

Question 4

What are the treatments for Drug-Induced Dystonia (Tardive Dyskinesia)?

Answer 4

Stop offending agent + valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, amantadine, clonazepam

Question 5

What are the treatments for Cervical Dystonia (Torticollis)?

Answer 5

1. Botulinum toxin injections
2. Anticholinergics
3. Benzodiazepines
4. Baclofen, levodopa

Question 6

What are the treatments for Tourette Syndrome?

Answer 6

1. Reassurance
2. CBT
3. Meds if severe (not listed here but typically Antipsychotics or Alpha-2 agonists)

Question 7

What are the key features of Myoclonus?

Answer 7

Rapid, shock-like jerks of isolated muscles

Question 8

Screen patients <40 years with “essential tremor” or dystonia for ?

Answer 8

Wilson disease with Serum Ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper measurements.

Question 9

What are the presenting symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 9

Severe unilateral pain in the saddle region, radiating down to the legs, lower-extremity weakness

Significant bowel/bladder/sphincter symptoms distinguish it from Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Question 10

How does cauda equina syndrome differ from Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Answer 10

Significant bowel/bladder/sphincter symptoms

GBS does not present with these symptoms.

Question 11

What are the characteristics of transverse myelitis (TM)?

Answer 11

Can mimic GBS in spinal shock, but GBS lacks bowel/bladder symptoms and sensory loss below a spinal cord segment

Understanding these differences is crucial for diagnosis.

Question 12

What symptoms characterize Spinal Cord infarction?

Answer 12

Abrupt onset of back pain, weakness, loss of sensation and reflexes, autonomic dysfunction

The onset of symptoms and antecedent viral illness suggest TM.

Question 13

What is the effect of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 13

Slowly progressive weakness, ataxia, neuropsychiatric disturbances

Acute onset of symptoms is less consistent with cobalamin deficiency.

Question 14

What does MRI with contrast show in cases of Transverse Myelitis?

Answer 14

Enhancing cord segments with surrounding edema

This imaging finding is important for diagnosis.

Question 15

Answer 15

Spinal Cord Infarction

Question 16

Answer 16

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Question 17

Answer 17

Transverse Myelitis