Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Therapy > Movements (Introduction) > Flashcards

Movements (Introduction) Flashcards

1
Q

Aim of exercise ?

A

To promote activity whenever of wherever possible

To correct inefficiency of specific muscle or muscle group

To encourage the patient to use the abilities he has regained to perform normal functional abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Goals and uses of passive exercise
(6)

A

Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility

Maintain physiological properties of the muscle

Assist circulation and enhance synovial movement and diffusion of materials in the joint

Maintain ROM and prevent formation of adhesion

Maintain patient awareness of movement by stimulating the kinaesthetic receptors

Inhibit pain .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Precaution and contraindications
Of passive movements (7)

A

Immediately after acute tears , fracture and surgery

Signs of too much effusion or swelling..

Severe sharp and acute joint pain

When movement is disruptive to the healing process

When bony block limits joint motion

Acute infection around or in the joint (arthritis )

Increased joint hypermobility or haematoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Limitations of Passive ROM

Passive ROM will not :

A
  • prevent muscle atrophy
  • increase muscle strength and
    Endurance.
  • assist in circulation like active
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification of passive movements ?
(3)

A
  • Relaxed passive movements
  • Continuous passive movements
  • Forced passive movements
    • manipulation of joint
    • mobilization of joints
      - controlled sustained stretching of tightening structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is relaxed passive movements?

A

These are movements performed accurately , rhythmically and smoothly by the physiotherapist through available ROM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Note on Relaxed passive ROM

A

-performed through existing free range and within the limit of pain.

  • The movements are performed in the same range and direction as active movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Accessory movements ?

A

These are any normal joint movement that may be absent or limited in an abnormal joint condition .

Consist of gliding and rotational movement..
Cannot be performed in isolation as voluntary movement

But can be isolated by the therapists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Principles of Relaxed Passive ROM
(6)

A

*Relaxation :
Selection of a suitable starting position for comfort and support for both the therapist and the person…

*Fixation : correct fixation of the proximal and distal joint by the therapist to ensure that movement is localized to the movable joint..

*Support full and comfortable:
Support is given to the part that is moved so that the patient has confidence and will remain relaxed..

*Range of motion : The range of motion is done in the painless range to avoid spasm in the surrounding muscles .

*Speed and duration : it is essential that relaxation is maintained throughout the movement..
The speed must be slow and rhythmical

*Traction: many joint allow the articular surfaces to be drawn apart by traction.

Traction is thought to facilitate the movement by reducing the articular friction…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Effects and uses of relaxed passive movements (4)

A
  • Prevent formation of adhesion
  • maintaining muscle extensibility
    And prevention of adaptive shortening
  • Mechanical pressure and stretching passed across the joint moved assist in the venous and lymphatic return

*The rhythm of passive movement can have a soothing effect with can induce relaxation and sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is CPM(continuous passive movement) ?

A

CPM device is used to maintain movement of joint after a limb sparing surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benefits of CPM
(6)

A
  • decrease in the complication of immobilisation
  • Decrease in the post operative complications and pain

*Improving the recovery rate and ROM

  • Improving the circulation through pumping action

*Prevent adhesion and contraction

  • Prevent joint effusion and wound edema.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Procedures of CPM?
(4 steps)

A
  • Therapist should adjust the device to fit before surgery
  • CPM is used right after surgery.
  • Therapists has to give instructions and monitor how to use the device.
  • CPM is allowed to set at 15° of motion right after surgery and allowed to be increased 15° a day..
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Forced passive Range of motion ?

A

An exercise performed on a subject by a partner who exerts an external force not only to produce a passive movement of a joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Note on Forced passive:
(5)

A
  • Movement in the joint is limited so it has to be carried beyond the existing free range in an attempt to restore the normal range..
  • A sudden but controlled application of force at the limit
  • or a steady sustained passive stretch.
  • Aims at tearing or stretching the limiting structure at a stiff joint to increase the existing range of movement.
  • Danger of over extension and damage to the joint if the exercise is not carried out successfully
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effects and uses of forced passive ROM?

A

Breakdown of recently formed adhesion

Accessory movement which cannot be localized actively

Sudden movement may relace or alter position of interarticular disc.

Stretch can overcome the resistance of shortened structure.

Manipulation can be performed by surgeons under general anaesthesia

Eliminates pain or spasm

17
Q

Passive manual Mobilization Technique

A

Manipulation of joint :
They are accurately localized single quick decisive movement of small amplitude and high Velocity
Completed before the patient can stop it .

Mobilization of joint : they are small repetitive, rhythmical oscillatory localized movement done in various amplitude may be done gently or strongly..

-Controlled sustained stretching:
Passive stretching can be done to increase range of motion ..

-Movement can be gained by stretching adhesions in the structures.

18
Q

Basic principles
Controlled sustained stretching,:

A
19
Q

Active movements

A

Performed by the patient either freely , assisted or resisted

20
Q

Note on Active movements:
(4)

A
  • They are movement performed or controlled by the voluntary movement of the muscles working in opposition to an external force.
  • AROM is used when a patient can actively contract his muscle and move a body segment with or without assistance.

-AROM can be used for aerobic conditioning program.

-During immobilisation

21
Q

Goals of AROM

A
  • Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of participating muscles.
  • Provide sensory feedback from the contracting muscles

*Provide a stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity

*Increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation..

*Develop coordination and motor skill for functional activities..

22
Q

Free active exercise

A

The patient carries out this movement without resistance or assistance of other external factors except gravity…

Success is achieved depending on
the degree of cooperation obtained from the patient and skill of the instructor…

23
Q

Advantages of free active exercises

A

Free exercises help to cure the patient

Patient can master the technique once performed

Free exercises has great role in rehabilitation..

24
Q

Disadvantages of free active

A

Insufficient demand on NMS to elicit the maximal response required for the rapid redevelopment of weak muscles…

Patient with brain damage or muscle paralysis can’t cooperate..

25
Q

Classification of free exercises

According to extent of area involelved :

A

Localized free exercises:
They are designed primarily to produce some specific or local effect..

Movement is localized to one or more joint by patient’s own effort…

General free exercises :
It involves the use of many joints and muscles all over the body and the effect is widespread

26
Q

General free active exercise

2 types :

A

Subjective exercises :
Attention of patient is deliberately focused on form and pattern

Objective exercises :
Patient attention conc on achievement of aim which result from his effort

27
Q

Techniques of free exercises (4)

A

Starting position

Instruction to patient to gain interest and cooperation

Speed of exercise , slow in period of learning , then later according to patient natural rhythm

Depend on patients capacity .. usually 3 bouts rest @ interval to avoid fatigue

28
Q

Effect and uses of free exercises depends on (4) factors

A

Nature of exercise
Extent of exercise
Intensity of exercise
Duration

29
Q

Assisted active
Principles

A

Magnitude of assisting force must be sufficient to augment muscular action
Must not be a substitute for it if it does passive movement occurs.

As power of muscle increases assistance given must decrease proportionately…

30
Q

Assisted active exercise:

A
  • The therapist adopts the grips for passive movements and assists the patient to perform the movement
  • disadvantage it is impossible for either of them to know the extend of work each of them is performing
31
Q

Types of assisted active

A

Active assistance :
Assists with his opposite extremity to perform the assisted exercise

Advantage patient know pain limit and availability of ROM
Can perform exercise with his pain limit.

Passive assistance :
Classified into
Mechanical
Manual

32
Q

Principles of assisted exercise

A

Range
Command
concentration
Speed
Repetition

33
Q

Technique of assisted active

A

Starting position
Fixation
Support
Direction
Repetition
Pattern of movement
Patients cooperation

34
Q

Effects and uses of Active Assistive
4)

A

The muscles will gain strength and hypertrophy

Type of exercise used in early stage of Neuromuscular conditions

Helpful in training coordination

Range of effective joint maybe increased by assisted exercise.

35
Q

Resistive active exercise

A

When mechanical or manual resistance is applied
Mech resist may be in form of weight , springs , water

36
Q

Principles of resistance

A

An external force maybe applied to a body lever to oppose force of
Muscular contraction.

Tension is increased in the muscles by opposing force
Muscles respond by increase in power and hypertrophy

Muscular contraction , tension in the muscle may lead to movement or no movement

37
Q

Principle of Assistance

A
  1. The magnitude of assisting force must be sufficient to augment the muscular action and must not be allowed to act as a substitute for it.
    If it does passive movement occurs.

2.
As the power of the muscle increases , the assistance given must decrease proportionately.

Disadvantage is that the level of work put in by the therapist and the patient cannot be detected.

Exercise Therapy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions