MPI U2 Organic Chem Practice Quiz Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
The process in which two monosaccharide molecules combine under certain conditions is an example of A. respiration B. dehydration synthesis C. hydrolysis D. enzyme deactivation
A
dehydration synthesis
2
Q
During chemical digestion, large food molecules are broken down into smaller food molecules by the process of A. synthesis B. absorption C. hydrolysis D. excretion
A
hydrolysis
3
Q
What is represented by this chemical formula? C6H12O6 A. glucose molecule B. lipid atoms C. oxygen gas D. water
A
glucose molecule
4
Q
What substance is formed as a result of the chemical breakdown of starch (polysaccharide)? A. sucrose B. cellulose C. chitin D. glucose
A
glucose
5
Q
What elements are present in all organic compounds? A. nitrogen and carbon B. nitrogen and oxygen C. carbon and hydrogen D. carbon and oxygen
A
carbon and hydrogen
6
Q
Which compound is a polysaccharide? A. maltose B. starch C. ribose D. glucose
A
starch
7
Q
Which molecule is added during dehydration synthesis and removed during hydrolysis? A. salt B. disaccharide C. fructose D. water
A
water
8
Q
What is the process called when water is added to split a disaccharide into its monosaccharides? A dehydration synthesis B hydrolysis C combustion D oxidation
A
hydrolysis
9
Q
How do you easily identify sugars
A
when you see a ring (ring - ring pop - sugars)
10
Q
pH 7 is…
A
Pure water (water that has “impurities” removed)
11
Q
compounds that dissolve in water to produce solutions with an excess of H+ ions or OH- ions
A
ACIDS AND BASES
12
Q
A solution that has an excess of H+ ions
A
Acids
13
Q
A solution that has an excess of OH- ions
A
Base
14
Q
chemical process that makes H+ ions and OH- ions equal
A
Neutralization
15
Q
scale used to measure H+ ions
A
pH scale
16
Q
stands for potential hydrogen
A
pH
17
Q
Living things are mostly composed of 4 elements
A
C H O N - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
18
Q
a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together
A
Compound
19
Q
smallest part of a compound
A
Molecule
20
Q
Made by organisms - Contain C H (Carbon and hydrogen)
A
Organic compounds
21
Q
what type of compound is water
A
Inorganic Compounds
22
Q
Compounds are broken down into two general categories
A
Inorganic Compounds and Organic compounds
23
Q
able to: form strong stable covalent bonds, form up to 4 chemical bonds, can form multiple bonds
A
carbon
24
Q
have been grown or farmed without the use of artificial chemicals, hormones, antibiotics or genetically modified organisms
A
Organic foods
25
what do organic compounds often form from long chains of smaller molecules.
HUGE macromolecules
26
molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Monomer
27
a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of many repeated subunits (monomers)
Polymer
28
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS include:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
29
sugars and starches
Carbohydrates
30
ONLY COMPOUND WITH A RATIO
Carbohydrates
31
Building blocks of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides: simple sugars
32
- Provide and store energy for cells.
- Include glucose and fructose.
- Names of sugars usually end in “-ose”.
- Structure: “ring pop”
Monosaccharides
33
Monosaccharides can be linked together through the process of...
dehydration synthesis
34
Water is removed resulting in a ________ between the 2 molecules.
covalent bond
35
“removing water” ”combine”
Dehydration Synthesis
36
two monosaccharides combined
Disaccharide
37
“many” (3 or more) monosaccharides linked together in a single chain
Polysaccharide
38
used for storage and structural components of organisms
Polysaccharides
39
STORAGE: Plants - ______ used for energy storage in roots, stems, and leaves.
starch
40
STORAGE: Animals - ________ branched polysaccharide used for energy storage in the liver of organisms
glycogen
41
STRUCTURE: Plants – ______ is made of polysaccharide chains (e.g. Wood) not very digestible
cellulose
42
STRUCTURE: Animals - ______ = exoskeleton
chitin
43
Starch (plants)
| Glycogen (animals)
storage
44
Cellulose
| Chitin
structure
45
one simple sugar
Monosaccharides
46
double sugar
Disaccharides
47
“many” (long chains…sugar polymer)
Polysaccharides
48
process where molecules are broken apart by “adding” water
Hydrolysis
49
Glycogen can be broken down to...
Glucose
50
What is the formula for Glucose
C6H12O6
51
Makes life possible in its present degree of complexity
Proteins
52
_______ are proteins
enzymes
53
Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
PROTEINS! only one with nitrogens
54
Building blocks of protein
amino acids
55
20 different...
amino acids
56
R =
variable
57
2 amino acids combined by dehydration synthesis.
Dipeptide
58
covalent bond that joins two amino acids together is called a...
PEPTIDE BOND
59
The amino acids are joined together by...
dehydration synthesis
60
3 or more amino acids combined together.
Polypeptide
61
- A sequence of amino acids (polypeptide chain) interact to form shapes
- these shapes fold up to form three dimensional structures
- proteins can interact with other proteins
proteins
62
Amino acids build two types of proteins:
structural and chemical
63
1. structure – part of cells (cytoskeleton) growth / repair body tissue (muscle)
2. biochemical - enzymes
3. cell signaling - receptors on cells
4. Regulation – hormones (insulin, HGH)
5. Defense – antibodies
6. Pigments
7. transport – O2 - hemoglobin in blood
8. brain signaling
Functions of Proteins
64
Nucleic Acids
```
DNA & RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
```
65
Found in every ______ ______ and are important in the mechanism of heredity.
living cell
66
DNA is the molecule where your ______ are located.
genes
67
Code of life which directs ________ _________
protein synthesis
68
Building Block of DNA
nucleotide
69
Twisted ladder
double helix
70
Lipids
fats, oils and waxes
71
Lipids furnish about twice as much ________ as carbohydrates.
energy
72
_________ energy storage
Long-term
73
elements of lipids
C H O carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
74
elements of proteins
C H O N carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
75
elements of carbohydrates
C H O carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
| ratio of elements H:O 2:1 (only one with ratio)
76
Building Blocks of lipids
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
77
A __________ __________ consists of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule.
triglyceride molecule
78
This triglyceride has ____ saturated fatty acids and ____ unsaturated
two, one
79
1. Major part of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
2. Long-term energy storage
3. Insulation (whale blubber)
4. Cushioning (lipid layer – brain)
Functions of lipids
80
Enzymes are _____
proteins
81
Enzymes are essential for life because most of the _______ ________ in living cells would occur too slowly, or would lead to different products, without enzymes!
chemical reactions
82
The name of an enzyme usually ends in
-ase
83
Most coenzymes are...
vitamins
84
Enzymes are large complex protein molecules made of _______ ________
amino acids
85
long chain which is folded to produce unique 3D structure
Protein
86
Chemical reactions require ______ enzymes
specific
87
sucrase
| Sucrose -->
glucose + fructose
88
Enzymes are (_______) ________ the principal regulators of most chemical activity in living systems
(biological) catalysts
89
A catalyst is a chemical involved in, but not changed by...
a chemical reaction
90
Catalysts… _______________________ ...control rate of activity!
...speed up or slow down a reaction...
91
Enzymes modify the reaction without _____ _____ ____
being used up
92
The area on the enzyme where the reaction occurs
the active site
93
area of enzyme that touches the substrate
Active site
94
1. pH
2. Temperature
3. Concentration of enzymes
4. Concentration of substrate
Factors influencing enzyme action
95
Each enzyme has an _______ ______ at which it functions efficiently.
optimum pH
96
Each enzyme has an optimum _______ at which it functions efficiently.
temperature
97
In general as temperature increases, the rate of enzyme action ______
increases
98
At relatively ______ _______ however, the shape of the enzyme molecule tends to be altered, thus the enzyme _______
high temperatures, denatures
99
distortion of an enzyme molecule at high temperatures
Enzyme denaturation
100
The temperature at which an enzyme is efficient is the _______ _______
optimum temperature
101
ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC
one enzyme - one substrate
