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Biology > MPII U2 DS Nutrition > Flashcards

MPII U2 DS Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

A disturbance in a system

A

INBALANCE in homeostasis.

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2
Q

obtains materials from the environment and processes them into a usable form

A

NUTRITION

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3
Q

In order for your body to do work it must have

A

energy

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4
Q

taking in food

A

Ingestion

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5
Q

breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the organism

A

Digestion

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6
Q

removal or elimination of undigested materials from an organism

A

Egestion

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7
Q

all the usable parts of food we eat that are used as energy for metabolic processes

A

Nutrients

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8
Q

physically breaking down of food into smaller pieces

A

Mechanical Digestion

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9
Q

using enzymes to chemically break down polymers into monomers

A

Chemical digestion

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10
Q

“catalysts” = affect the rate of chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

adding water to break apart

A

Hydrolysis

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12
Q

ALIMENTARY CANAL

A

also called GI tract

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13
Q

TONGUE AND TEETH

A

mechanical digestion increases surface area

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14
Q

moistens food, contains enzyme

A

saliva

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15
Q

which works on polysaccharides (starch)

A

salivary amylase

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16
Q

“throat”

A

Pharynx

17
Q

long tube connecting throat to stomach

A

Esophagus

18
Q

rhythmic muscular contractions that push food through the tube

A

Peristalsis

19
Q

sphincter muscles at each end (cardiac and pyloric)

A

Stomach

20
Q

glands line the stomach wall and secrete chemicals into stomach. (gastric juices)

A

Chemical digestion

21
Q

enzyme that digests proteins

A

pepsin

22
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

23
Q

coats and protects the stomach wall

A

mucus

24
Q
  • MOST chemical digestion occurs here.
  • site of absorption of nutrients into the blood.
  • Food is completely broken down into monomers (nutrients).
  • lower portion adapted for absorption.
  • finger-like projections called villi.
    • increase surface area for absorption.
    • Each microvilli contain capillaries which absorb the nutrients into the blood by diffusion
A

Small Intestine

25
Q

secretes bile

A

liver

26
Q

emulsifies fats

A

gall bladder

27
Q

secretes 4 chemicals into the duodenum:

  • amylase: continues breakdown of starch
  • trypsin: continues breakdown of protein
  • lipase: breaks down fat
A

pancreas

28
Q

neutralizes acid from stomach provides optimum pH (8-9)

A

sodium bicarbonate

29
Q
  • removes water from undigestable food.
  • absorption of water into the blood.
  • houses (healthy)bacteria.
  • vitamin K
A

large intestine (colon)

30
Q
  • lowest section of the large intestine.

- temporarily stores feces.

A

Rectum

31
Q
  • end of alimentary canal

- site of elimination (egestion)

A

Anus

32
Q

Acid Reflux -

  • Chronic heartburn
  • Acid backs up into the esophagus
  • Sphincter muscle does not close properly
A

Heartburn

33
Q
  • Bacterial infection in the stomach and upper intestine.

- Can be caused by certain medications, or by smoking.

A

Ulcer

34
Q
  • Located in the lower right portion of the abdomen.
  • Begins as a pain in the abdomen, first around the belly button, then moving to the lower right area.
  • Treatment = surgery or infection spreads and could lead to death
A

Appendicitis

35
Q
  • Feces do not remain in the large intestine long enough for water to be absorbed.
  • Can be caused by bacteria or viruses.
  • Body can become dehydrated.
A

Diarrhea

36
Q
  • Feces remain in the colon too long.

- Can be caused by too little fiber or water in the diet.

A

Constipation

37
Q
  • Caused by mouth bacteria
  • Prevented by brushing teeth and flossing.
  • And regular dental checkups!
A

Tooth decay

Biology (9 decks)

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