MRI & CT anatomy of the brain

Question 1

Out of grey and white matter, which is located in the periphery and which Is deep?

Answer 1

Grey matter is in the periphery

White matter is deep

Question 2

Grey matter deep within the brain is called?

Answer 2

Basal ganglia

Question 3

In the spinal cord which is located centrally and what forms the bulk of the superficial parts?

Answer 3

Grey matter is located centrally.

White matter forms bulk of superficial parts.

Question 4

What are the elevated ridges in the brain?

Answer 4

Gyri

Question 5

What are the small grooves dividing the ridges of the brain?

Answer 5

Sulci

Question 6

What does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 6

Frontal lobe from the parietal

Question 7

What’s the name of the groove that divides the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 7

Longitudinal fissure

Question 8

What groove separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

Answer 8

Transverse fissure

Question 9

What groove divides the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes?

Answer 9

Sylvian fissure

Question 10

What 2 structures does the sylvan fissure accommodate?

Answer 10

Middle cerebral arteries

Insular cortex

Question 11

What shape does the parietal-occipital fissure have when it joins the calcarine sulcus ?

Answer 11

Letter Y placed sideways

Question 12

What is the parietal lobe bounded by anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 12

• Ant. central sulcus

- post. parietal-occipital sulcus

Question 13

What structure does the occipital lobe overly?

Answer 13

Tentorium cerebelli.

Question 14

How many gyri does the insult have?

Answer 14

5

Question 15

What separates the nasal cavity from the brain?

Answer 15

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 16

What’s the order of the brainstem?

Answer 16

1 midbrain
2 pons
3 medulla oblongata

Question 17

What does the midbrain connect?

Answer 17

Pons & cerebellum to diencephalon

Question 18

Where does the midbrain lie?

Answer 18

In the gap in the tentorium cerebelli.

Question 19

How many colliculi does the post. surface of the midbrain have?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What rests between the 2 superior colliculi?

Answer 20

Pineal gland

Question 21

What is located internally In the midbrain? (2)

Answer 21

Substantia nigra & red nucleus.

Question 22

What is the largest part of the hindbrain called?

Answer 22

Cerebellum.

Question 23

What are the 4 components of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

• 2 lateral cerebellar hemispheres
• median vermis
• horizontal fissure
• tonsils

Question 24

What do the tonsils of the cerebellum overhand?

Answer 24

They overhang the foramen magnum on each side of the medulla oblongata.

Question 25

What does the cerebellum control? (3)

Answer 25

Balance, regulation of posture & muscle tone.

Question 26

What is a cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 26

It's a nerve tract that permits communication between the cerebellum & other parts of CNS.

Question 27

What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 27

Superior, middle, inferior.

Question 28

What does the diencephalon consist of?

Answer 28

It comprises of the hypothalamus & thalamus.

Question 29

What ventricle does the diencephalon surround?

Answer 29

3rd Ventricle.

Question 30

Where is the thalamus situated?

Answer 30

Lateral wall of 3rd ventricle, it extends from the inter ventricular foramen rostrally to the midbrain caudally. Below the thalamus.

Question 31

What type of nuclei is the thalamus composed of?

Answer 31

Relay nuclei.

Question 32

Where is the hypothalamus situated?

Answer 32

It forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle.

Question 33

What does the hypothalamus include? (3)

Answer 33

Optic chiasma, infundibular stalk, | maxillary bodies.

Question 34

What type of nerve activity is the hypothalamus associated with?

Answer 34

Autonomic.

Question 35

Which is the largest? Hypothalamus or thalamus?

Answer 35

Thalamus.

Question 36

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 36

Body temp, emotion, ANS.

Question 37

What is the infundibular stalk also known as?

Answer 37

Pituitary stalk.

Question 38

What do the basal ganglia consist of? (2)

Answer 38

Corpus striatum and Claustrum

Question 39

What is the corpus striatum composed of? (3)

Answer 39

Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus

Question 40

What nucleus do the putamen and globes pallidus form?

Answer 40

Lentiform nucleus.

Question 41

What is the globus pallidus involved in?

Answer 41

Regulation of voluntary movement.

Question 42

What are the 4 white matter tracts?

Answer 42

- Corpus collosum, - Fornix, - Internal capsule, - Anterior & posterior commissures.

Question 43

What are the 4 areas of the corpus collosum?

Answer 43

Genu, rostrum, body & splenium.

Question 44

What are the most anterior and posterior portions of the corpus collosum?

Answer 44

Anterior: genu posterior: splenium

Question 45

The fornix carries signals from where to where?

Answer 45

From the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.

Question 46

Why is the internal capsule one of the most important parts of the cerebral white matter?

Answer 46

It contains nerve fibres which pass to and from the cerebral cortex and lower levels of neuraxis.

Question 47

What is the anterior commissure?

Answer 47

Bundle of nerve fibres connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres across the midline.

Question 48

What is CSF secreted by?

Answer 48

Epithelium

Question 49

Where does the CSF cover?

Answer 49

Choroid plexus in the lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles.

Question 50

Where does the CSF drain into?

Answer 50

Subarachnoid space from the roof of the 4th ventricle before being reabsorbed.

Question 51

What structure does the CSF pass through from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle?

Answer 51

Cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius)

Question 52

What shape is the 4th ventricle when viewed from above and from the side?

Answer 52

Above: diamond Side: tent.

Question 53

What 3 parts do the lateral ventricles have?

Answer 53

Anterior horn Body Posterior horn

Question 54

What is the septum pellucidum (lucidum)?

Answer 54

Thin triangular, vertical membrane separating the anterior horns of the right and left lateral ventricles of the brain.

Question 55

Where does the septum pellucidum run?

Answer 55

Runs as a sheet from corpus collosum down to fornix.

Question 56

Name the 5 basal cisterns.

Answer 56

- Cisterna magna - prepontine (anterior to pons) - interpeduncular (basal) - ambient - suprasellar

Question 57

Where does the cisterna magna lie?

Answer 57

Between the cerebellum and dorsum of medulla.

Question 58

Where does the cisterna magna receive CSF from?

Answer 58

Foramen of magendie/ median aperture of 4th ventricle.

Question 59

What artery does the prepontine cistern contain?

Answer 59

Basilar

Question 60

Where does the prepontine cistern receive CSF from?

Answer 60

Foramen of luschka / lateral aperture of 4th ventricle.

Question 61

What structure does the interpeduncular cistern contain?

Answer 61

Circle of willis.

Question 62

Where is the interpeduncular cistern located?

Answer 62

Between paired temporal lobes of brain, between 2 cerebellar peduncles.

Question 63

What 2 structures does the ambient cistern contain?

Answer 63

Great cerebral vein & pineal gland.

Question 64

What are 2 other names for the ambient cistern?

Answer 64

superior cistern/ quadrigeminal cistern.

Question 65

Where is the ambient cistern located?

Answer 65

Occupies the space between the splenium of corpus collosum and superior aspect of cerebellum.

Question 66

Where is the suprasellar cistern located?

Answer 66

Above the sella turcica, under hypothalamus.

Question 67

What 3 structures does the suprasellar cistern contain?

Answer 67

Optic chiasma, pituitary stalk & polygons of Willis.

Question 68

Name the 4 folds of the dura mater and what they separate

Answer 68

- Falx cerebri: cerebral hemispheres - Falx cerebelli: cerebellar hemispheres - Tentorium cerebelli: divides cranial cavity into supra & infra tentorial compartments - Diaphragm sellae: covers sella turcica and forms roof over pituitary fossa