MRI - MIDTERM L3

Question 1

Magnetic fields used in everyday devices are typically __________

Answer 1

Low-frequency, Non-ionizing Radiation

Question 2

It is a non-invasive procedure used to treat conditions like depression and anxiety which uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain, influencing neuron activity.

Answer 2

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

Magnetic fields in MRI can cause permanent sensations like feeling warm and can affect implanted medical devices such as pacemakers

Answer 2

FALSE

Magnetic fields in MRI can cause TEMPORARY sensations like feeling warm and can affect implanted medical devices such as pacemakers

Question 2

EMFs stand for ______

Answer 2

Electromagnetic Fields

Question 2

It is a form of therapy that uses EMF’s to promote healing in damaged tissues such as bones or muscles

Answer 2

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a subtle effect of EMF’s on tissues ?

A. Altering Cell Behavior
B. Increasing Oxidative Stress
C. Decreasing Oxidative Stress
D. Nervous System Influence

Answer 2

C. Decreasing Oxidative Stress

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

High-intensity magnetic fields, such as those used in certain industrial applications or scientific research, can have more direct effects on living tissues

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

The effect of RF fields on living tissue primarily depends on four (4) factors, namely:

Answer 4

1. Strength of the Field
2. Frequency
3. Duration of Exposure
4. Type of Tissue

Question 5

Tissues like _____,_____, and _____ absorb RF energy to varying degrees

Answer 5

1. Muscle
2. Fat
3. Skin

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE

Muscle typically absorbs more energy than fat.

Answer 6

FALSE

Fat typically absorbs more energy than muscle.

Question 7

How many is the temperature needed to cause thermal damage to tissues ?

Answer 7

10°C or More

Question 8

These limits are based on the heating effects of RF fields which are considered the primary mechanism of harm

Answer 8

Regulation Standards

Question 9

A measure of the rate at which the body absorbs RF energy

Answer 9

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

Question 10

The exposure limits for RF fields vary depending on the __________

Answer 10

Frequency of the Radiation

Question 11

Which two (2) regulatory bodies are designated to establish SAR limits to ensure safe levels of exposure ?

Answer 11

1. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
2. Internal Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)

Question 12

MRI is generally considered safe during pregnancy, particularly in the ______ and _____ trimesters

Answer 12

Second and Third

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

MRI is rarely avoided during the first trimester unless absolutely necessary

Answer 13

FALSE

MRI is TYPICALLY avoided during the first trimester unless absolutely necessary

Question 14

It is a rare but serious condition caused by the use of gadolinium in patients with compromised kidney function

Answer 14

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF)

Question 15

This pertains to the fear of enclosed spaces

Answer 15

Claustrophobia

Question 16

What characteristics of MRI make it likely to cause discomfort or anxiety among claustrophobic patients ?

A. Narrow and Enclosed
B. Tight and Compressed
C. Thin and Secluded
D. Pressed and Pressured

Answer 16

A. Narrow and Enclosed

Question 17

What medical condition is rendered to contraindicate MR Scanning as the magnetic field may interfere with electrical impulses in the heart, complicating heart rhythm control

Answer 17

Severe Cardiac Arrhythmias

Question 18

Patients with implanted brain stimulators or other neural devices may be at risk as the strong magnetic field can interfere with the functioning of the device

Answer 18

Implanted Neural Stimulation Device

Question 19

What type of tattoo ink can cause heating or discomfort during MRI ?

A. Cobalt-based
B. Dichromate-based
C. Mercury-based
D. Metallic-based

Answer 19

D. Metallic-based

Question 20

The weight limit for many MRI machines is ______

Answer 20

Usually around 300 lbs / 136 kg

Question 21

Pre-screening for metal objects before MR scanning includes (3):

Answer 21

1. Screening of Patient and Personnel 2. Metallic Objects 3. Implanted Devices

Question 22

MAGNETIC FIELD SAFETY ZONES Public area, no magnetic field exposure

Answer 22

Zone I

Question 23

MAGNETIC FIELD SAFETY ZONES Area where patients and staff are screened before entering the MRI room

Answer 23

Zone II

Question 24

MAGNETIC FIELD SAFETY ZONES Controlled area where strong magnetic fields exist, and access is restricted to trained personnel and screened patients

Answer 24

Zone III

Question 25

MAGNETIC FIELD SAFETY ZONES MRI scanner room where the magnetic field is the strongest; only individuals with proper training and screening can enter this zone

Answer 25

Zone IV

Question 26

This pertains to the safety zone principle where MRI rooms should be locked or restricted to only authorized personnel to prevent accidental exposure to strong magnetic fields

Answer 26

Restricted Access

Question 27

This includes understanding the effects of magnetic fields, recognizing the hazards, and knowing emergency procedures

Answer 27

Staff Training

Question 28

Healthcare workers and MRI technicians should be trained on how to handle emergencies such as patients experiencing adverse reactions, equipment malfunctions, or accidents involving metal objects

Answer 28

Emergency Procedures

Question 29

This should be done to delineate safe zones where the field strength is safe for human exposure, ensuring that personnel avoid areas where the field is too strong and could pose a risk to their safety

Answer 29

Magnetic Field Mapping

Question 30

Which are some of the vital signs requisite for detection of reactions to the procedures ?

Answer 30

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Question 31

_______ or _______ can help alleviate claustrophobic stress and ensure the procedure can be safely completed

Answer 31

Sedation or The Use of an Open MRI Machine

Question 32

These are cages which protect sensitive electronic equipment from electromagnetic interference

Answer 32

Faraday Shields

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE Not having enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules directly damage DNA or cause ionization in tissues

Answer 33

FALSE Not having enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules DOES NOT DIRECTLY damage DNA or cause ionization in tissues

Question 34

The following are also listed contraindications for MRI EXCEPT: A. Metal Implants or Foreign Objects B. Cochlear Implants C. Insulin Pumps D. Peacemakers

Answer 34

D. Peacemakers (Pacemaker dapat)

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE Prosthetic devices can also serve as a contraindication for MRI

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Which trimester is considered as the most contraindicated during an MRI scan ? A. First Trimester B. Second Trimester C. Third Trimester D. AOTA

Answer 36

A. First Trimester