MRI - PRELIM L1

Question 1

Any material or object that produces a magnetic field

Answer 1

Magnet

Question 2

It is a force field that can attract or repel other magnetic materials

Answer 2

Magnetic Field

Question 2

The word magnetism is derived from the ______ word ______ from region _____

Answer 2

1. Greek
2. Magnes
3. Magnesia

Question 3

Man-made magnets can be used in the following materials except:

A. Electronics
B. Motors
C. Compasses
D. Lodestone

Answer 3

D. Lodestone

Question 3

Magnets can either be _______ or ______

Answer 3

Natural or Man-made

Question 4

Magnesia is now known as __________, found by a shepherd at around ________

Answer 4

1. Manisa
2. 1,000 BC

Question 4

He noticed that a compass needle (which normally aligns with Earth’s magnetic field) deflected when placed near a wire carrying an electric current.

Answer 4

Hans Christian Orsted - 1820

Question 5

Which type of natural magnet was discovered by the shepherd ?

BONUS Q: To whom did he consult and found out that metal can be magnetize by rubbing _______ on it ?

Answer 5

1. Lodestone

BONUS Q: Pliny the Elder

Question 6

He developed a method to measure the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei, laying the groundwork for Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR).

Answer 6

Isidor Isaac Rabi - 1930s

Question 7

Bloch and Purcell were awarded with the Nobel Prize in _____ in _____

Answer 7

1. Physics
2. 1952

Question 8

His works led to the explanation and development and concepts of NMR Spectroscopy

Answer 8

Edward Purcell - 1946

Question 8

Fill in the blanks:

Damadian produced a crude NMR image of a _______ in _______ and the first body image in ________.

Answer 8

1. Rat Tumor
2. 1974
3. 1977

Question 9

He continued extensive studies with the NMR of water, thereby laying the groundwork for later developments that led to MRI

Answer 9

Felix Bloch - 1946

Question 10

He showed that malignant tissue has a different NMR spectrum from normal tissue while working with NMR spectroscopy

Answer 10

Raymond Damadian

Question 11

The first whole-body MRI system is named _______ with a field strength of only ~ 0.05 T

A. Inevitable
B. Immovable
C. Indomitable
D. Indestructible

Answer 11

C. Indomitable

Question 12

How long did the first body image take to be produced ?

A. 4 Hours
B. 4 Days
C. 4 Weeks
D. 4 Months

Answer 12

A. 4 Hours

Question 13

By collecting data from _____ voxels, with one voxel at a time, the image was crude, but clearly showed the heart, lungs, and the walls of the chest cavity.

A. 104 Voxels
B. 105 Voxels
C. 106 Voxels
D. 107 Voxels

Answer 13

C. 106 Voxels

Question 14

What is the name of Damadian’s student / assistant ?

Answer 14

Larry Minkoff

Question 15

Raymond Damadian is hence considered as ________

Answer 15

The Father of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 16

He proposed the concept of using magnetic field gradients to create two-dimensional images.

Answer 16

Paul C. Lauterbur - 1973

Question 17

It is an imaging system that has a Gradient System (Gx, Gy, Gz) to pick up and excite a particular section of human body in three dimension then broadcast a first visual of 2 tube in Nature Magazine

Answer 17

Zeugmatography

Question 18

In 1975, ________ from ________ University built the base of the Magnetic Resonance

Answer 18

1. Richard Ernst
2. Zurich

Question 19

Ernst offered the method of FREQUENCY and PHASE CODING and thought of using ________instead of Radon Transform

Answer 19

Fourier Transform

Question 20

He developed Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) which provided very fast imaging

Answer 20

Peter Mansfield - 1977

Question 21

He discovered the multiplanar property of MR and detected first lesion.

Answer 21

Peter H. Hawkins - 1980

Question 22

This technique was considered better for pathologic imaging

Answer 22

T2 Based Spin-Echo Technique

Question 22

He obtained visuals by using the Ernst technique

Answer 22

William A. Edelstein - 1980

Question 23

The first patient-applied contrast agent for MR is ________

Answer 23

Gadolinium - Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (Gd-DTPA)

Question 24

This technique was used to image the heart's phase in real-time

Answer 24

EPI Technique

Question 25

He accomplished imaging of veins without contrast agents by developing Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Answer 25

Charles Dumuoulin

Question 25

When was fMRI discovered ?

Answer 25

1993

Question 26

The imaging of lungs was achieved in ______ by _______ and _______

Answer 26

1.1994 2. New York State 3. Princeton University

Question 26

The FDA allowed marketing up to _____ Tesla Devices in _______

Answer 26

1. 4 2. 1998

Question 27

Enumerate the Types of Magnets:

Answer 27

1. Permanent Magnets 2. Temporary Magnets 3. Electromagnets

Question 28

These magnets maintain their magnetism over time without needing any external power.

Answer 28

Permanent Magnets

Question 29

These materials become magnetic only when exposed to a magnetic field.

Answer 29

Temporary Magnets

Question 30

These are magnets that are created by running an electric current through a coil of wire, usually wrapped around a core made of ferromagnetic material.

Answer 30

Electromagnets

Question 31

Magnetic poles are ______ and _____

Answer 31

North and South

Question 32

These are areas/points where the magnetic force is the strongest

Answer 32

Magnetic Poles

Question 33

Fill in the blanks: Opposite Poles _____ whereas Like Poles ________

Answer 33

Opposite = Attract Like = Repel

Question 34

Magnetic field lines always go from the ______ to the ______

Answer 34

North Pole to the South Pole

Question 35

The strength of the magnetic field is expressed in ______

Answer 35

tesla (T)