Mrs Lanzack (Family) Flashcards
Family:
- Definition: A group related by ________, ________, civil ________, or ________.
- Inclusion: Cohabitation (living together without formal ____________) is increasingly considered a _________.
- Social Significance: Vital social institution present in almost all societies.
- Role: Crucial in ____________ children into their society’s culture.
1) ______ ________ _____________ ___________
2) marriage
3) family
4)socialising
Household:
- Definition: Either a single person living alone or a group sharing the same __________.
- Relation to Family: Not all households are ____________; for instance, groups like students living together constitute a household but not a family.
- Evolution: More households today consist of individuals living alone rather than traditional family units.
1) address
2) families
- Function of Family: Functionalists view the family as vital for societal stability, likening it to an organ essential for the body’s function. It performs several key functions:
-__________ Function: Regulating socially accepted expressions of sexuality.- ____________ Role: Providing stability for childbearing and upbringing.
-______________: Primary unit for teaching children social norms and values. - ______________ Support: Supplying food and shelter for family members.
- ____________ Role: Providing stability for childbearing and upbringing.
- Importance in Society: Functionalists believe these family functions are crucial for a _________ society. They emphasise the family’s role in preparing children for _______ life and meeting basic societal needs.
- Interconnection: Functionalists explore how the family interacts with other social institutions (e.g., education, work) to ensure efficient societal functioning.
- ____________ View: He identified four essential functions of the family that he deemed necessary in all societies. He argued that the __________ family structure is widespread in carrying out these functions but acknowledged the possibility of other ________________ fulfilling these roles.
1)Sexual
-Reproductive
-Socialisation
-Economic
2)stable
adult
4) Murdock’s
nuclear
arrangements
Traditional Functions of the Family:
- ________________: Families historically focused on reproducing to sustain the population and passing down property and skills to future generations. Children were seen as essential for carrying on family heritage and as a ____________.
- Unit of _____________: Pre-industrialisation, families served as both home and ___________, producing goods necessary for survival. Children learned vocational skills from their parents, and adult roles were determined within the family.
.
.
1) Reproduction
.
workforce
.
.
2) Production
workplace
.
.
How they have changed
- Shift in Reproduction and Relationships:
- Increased instances of childbearing and sexual relations outside ____________ since the 1970s in Britain.
- Transformation in Work Dynamics:
- Transition from home-based work to factories and offices since the early 19th century.
- Families no longer primarily produce their ___________; they work for wages to purchase them.
- Change in Learning and gaining skill:
- Skills necessary for work are acquired __________ the family setting, such as in workplaces, colleges, universities.
- Evolution of Occupational Roles:
- Occupational roles and social status are less determined by family ties and more reliant on individual _____________.
1) marriage
.
.
.
2) necessities
.
.
.
.
.
.
3) outside
.
.
4) achievement
New Right’s perspective on the traditional family:
- Support for Traditional Values: The New Right favors traditional values and institutions, emphasising the importance of the ____________ family.
- Functions of the Traditional Family: They believe the traditional family provides ______________ security for children, socialises them into societal culture, and instills respect for social and moral values.
- Preferred Family Structure: They advocate for the heterosexual nuclear family with two natural parents and distinct gender roles, seeing it as the best environment to raise conformist, responsible adults.
- Threats to Traditional Family: Social changes like rising _________ rates, more stepfamilies, cohabitation, births outside ___________, and policies supporting non-traditional families are seen as ruining social stability.
- Negative Effects of Changes: They link these changes to a decline in social stability, pointing to issues like lack of _________ among youth, educational _______________, substance abuse, and _______.
- Criticism of Welfare State: They argue that welfare policies, especially for lone parents, encourage dependency and contribute to the decline of traditional family values.
1)nuclear
.
.
2) emotional
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4) divorce
marriage
.
.
5)respect
underachievement
crime
.
Marxist Perspective:
1) - Marxist View of Family in Capitalist Society: The family is seen as a tool of social control in a capitalist system, reinforcing __________ and serving the interests of the _________ class.
2) - Role of Nuclear Family: Marxists challenge the idea of the nuclear family as universally necessary, suggesting it evolved to pass on __________ and maintain capitalist structures.
3) - _______’s Perspective: He believed the nuclear family served to ___________ property inheritance, with women’s roles related to economic transactions, providing heirs in exchange for security.
4) - _____________’s Notion: He identified the family as an ideological state ___________, teaching the working class with the beliefs of the _______ class to ensure their compliance.
5) - _____________’s View: He saw the family as a safe place from the ____________ of capitalism, providing a sense of control and personal life for workers, thereby pacifying opposition to the system.
5) - Critique and Feminist Perspective: Marxist feminists highlight the ______________ view of the family, noting that women often bear the brunt of family ________________ while not enjoying the same refuge from oppression as men do.
.
.
.
1) inequalities
ruling
.
2) property
.
.
.
3) Engels
secure
.
.
4) Althusser’s
apparatus, ruling
.
.
5) Zaretsky’s
stresses
.
.
5)romanticised
responsibilities
.
.
Criticisms
1) Traditional Marxist perspective oversimplifies reasons for marriage and family, focusing on property _____________ while ignoring other motivations.
2) Women’s increased independence and success in the __________ market reduces the economic ___________ aspect of marriage.
3) Modern-day marriages are less about fulfilling social _____________ and more about emotional connections and personal ________________.
4) Current Marxist analysis of the family is primarily studied through the lens of Marxist ___________-.
.
1) inheritance
.
2) labour
security
3) standards
fulfillment
4) feminism
Post modernism perspective:
1) Postmodernist Perspective: Modern-day society is defined by rapid change and uncertainty, challenging traditional values and norms. Social structures like family, class, and religion no longer strongly dictate individual ___________.
2) Fragmented Society: Society consists of individuals making personal ____________ rather than obeying traditional family structures. Diversity and consumer choice define this postmodern era.
3) Changes in Family Dynamics: Traditional family norms of marriage are being replaced by _________ relationship choices. Rising divorce rates, living together, multiple partners, and non-marital births _____ this shift.
4) Perception of Change: Politicians and policymakers view these changes as _________ to family stability, leading to weakened increased insecurity.
5) Consumer Approach to Relationships: Postmodernists see these changes as individuals exercising their consumer-like choices in relationships, selecting and changing them based on personal needs, akin to shopping for goods in a supermarket.
6) Redundancy of Traditional Family: The rise of alternative family structures, diverse relationships, and greater acceptance of varied sexual orientations renders the traditional family model as ____________. Personal relationships and household arrangements now vary widely and constantly evolve based on individual choices.
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.
1) behaviour
.
.
.
2) choices
.
.
3)diverse
.
reflect
4) threats
.
5) ??
.
.
.
6) obsolete
Feminism points
- Influence: Feminist views have significantly impacted family __________, introducing new topics like housework’s economic contribution, domestic _____________, and the negative impact of _________ on women’s careers.
- Emphasis on Harm: These perspectives stress the negative effects of ____________ on women, identifying the family’s role in _____________ women. They counter functionalist and New Right accounts by highlighting the ______________ aspects of family life.
- Major Points:
- Housework as _________ Work: Feminists assert that housework, mainly done by women, is unrecognized and unpaid labor, __________ men.
- Symmetrical Family ______: Feminists challenge the idea of growing equality in family roles, pointing out that women still bear the primary burden of _____________- tasks and decision-making.
- Women’s Dependency: Women’s ________ pay and greater dependency on men’s earnings stem from traditional gender roles within the family.
- Domestic Violence: Women are disproportionately victims of serious domestic violence compared to ____
.
.
1) studies
.
violence, family
.
2) family
oppressing
.
damaging
.
.
3) Unpaid
benefiting
Myth
.
household
lower
.
.
men
Liberal Feminism:
- Recognises women’s responsibilities in the family affecting their ________, careers, and health.
- Aims for equality through reform within the existing ___________.
- Focuses on removing ____________, establishing equal opportunities, and empowering women to choose between motherhood, __________, or both.
- Advocates for changes in socialisation, legal rights, parental leave equality, affordable childcare, shared household responsibilities, and action against domestic violence.
Criticism of Liberal Feminism:
- Doesn’t address fundamental ______________ caused by patriarchy and capitalism according to radical and Marxist feminists.
Radical Feminism:
- Views patriarchy as the main ___________ to women’s equality, labeling many societal relationships as patriarchal and ________________.
- Sees the family as a patriarchal institution ____________ men and perpetuating power imbalances and violence against women.
- Suggests rejecting traditional family structures and sometimes ________________ with men altogether.
Marxist Feminism:
- Highlights women’s __________ exploitation as both ___________ in an unequal capitalist society and as ____________ in general.
- Identifies women’s work within the family as contributing to the maintenance of capitalism.
.
1) power
.
system
discrimination
career
.
.
.
.
.
inequalities
.
.
.
2) barrier
exploitative
favouring
.
.
relationships
.
.
double, workers
women
.
.
Key criticisms of Marxist feminist and radical feminist perspectives:
- Assumption of Uniform Women’s Roles: These perspectives overlook the diversity of women’s roles in families, disregarding the rise of
_______-___________households where both partners work. They depict women solely as passive victims without ____________ individual choices and preferences. - Neglect of Women’s Agency: The perspectives overlook women’s personal agency and _________ within the family. Some women willingly choose to be full-time ______________ or combine paid employment with household and childcare responsibilities, indicating personal preferences rather than coercion.
- Changing Dynamics: The increasing number of working ___________ with independent incomes grants them more __________ within families than these perspectives suggest. Additionally, the significant proportion of ____________ initiated by women challenges the idea of women being solely oppressed within relationships.
- Evolution of Family Dynamics: Today’s family dynamics are less likely to create a submissive ____________. ____________ now hold more status and influence within families, with a shift towards a more child-centered environment. Women also assert themselves more in family life, signaling a change in power dynamics.
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.
.
.
1) dual-income
acknowledging
.
.
2) choices
.
housewives
.
.
.
3) women
power
.
divorces
.
.
4) workforce
Children
.
.
.
Nayar Society:
- Among the Nayar in south-west India pre-19th century, there was no _________ family structure.
- Women could have relations with ___________ men, making the state of children uncertain.
- The mother’s brother was responsible for caring for the mother and her children, not the ___________.
- No direct link between sexual relations, childbearing, child-rearing, and living together.
Communes:
- Developed in Western Europe, Britain, and the US in the 1960s as _____________ to conventional society.
- Emphasised __________ living over individual family units.
- Children were seen as the responsibility of the ________ rather than specific parents.
- Many communes were _______-lived; few exist in Britain today.
Kibbutz:
- Early kibbutzim separated ____________ of children from the marriage relationship.
- Children were raised in _____________ settings by professional ________________, limited interaction with biological parents.
- Later, a more traditional family unit re-emerged, but the kibbutz still represents an alternative to conventional family structures.
.
.
1) nuclear
multiple
.
.
father
.
.
.
.
.
alternatives
collective
group
.
short
.
.
upbringing
.
communal
caretakers
.
.
Lone Parent Families:
- Increasingly common in Western societies, usually headed by a woman.
- Represents an alternative to the nuclear family.
Gay and Lesbian Families:
- Same-sex couples with children are becoming more common.
- Lesbian couples with children are more prevalent, but there are instances of gay male couples having children through adoption or surrogacy.
- Legal recognition and rights for same-sex couples have increased through civil partnerships and marriage.
- Offer an alternative to conventional views of the nuclear family.
Foster Care and Children’s Homes:
- Many children are raised by foster parents or in children’s homes under the care of local authorities.
- Demonstrates the separation between natural parents and child-rearing.
the coalition government, 2010-2015
-It was called the “____________” policy.
-pursued some policies designed to promote the __________ family.
-They removed the ___________’ penalty to stop giving couples a reason to split up just to get more _____________.
-Both parties wanted ________ parental leave.
- Coalition government introduced same-sex marriage _ years after the Civil Partnerships Act.
- Both coalition parties supported the move, facing opposition from ________________ in the Conservative backbenches and religious groups.
- The Church of England created a specific exception, prohibiting same-sex marriages in its __________.
- Other religious groups can theoretically conduct same-sex marriages, but the legislation allows them to opt out without violating human rights or equality laws.
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- social
nuclear
.
couples
.
benefits
shared.
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9
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traditionalists
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churches
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