MS + CT

Question 1

layers of epidermis from surface to base

Answer 1

Californians Love G String Bikinis

• Corneum (keratin)
• Lucidum
• Granulosum
• Spinosum (spines = desmosomes)
• Basale

Question 2

Which junction type is Ca dependent

Answer 2

Adherens

- actin + CADherins

Question 3

What from cell binds to collagen and laminin in BM

Answer 3

Integrins

Question 4

Action of infraspinatus

Answer 4

lateral rotation

Question 5

What does hand look like after Klumpke injury

Answer 5

lose all intrinsic hand muscles

• total claw hand
• lumbricals normally flex MCP and extend DIP and PIP

Question 6

fractured surgical neck of humerus

What nerve is injured?

Answer 6

axillary

Question 7

anterior dislocation of humerus

What nerve is injured?

Answer 7

axillary

Question 8

flattened deltoid
loss of abduction at shoulder
loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lat arm

Answer 8

axillary

Question 9

midshaft fracture of humerus

What nerve is injured?

Answer 9

radial

Question 10

compression from crutches

What nerve is injured?

Answer 10

radial

Question 11

loss of sensation over lateral forearm

What nerve is injured?

Answer 11

musculocutaneous

Question 12

supracondylar fracture of humerus

What nerve is injured?

Answer 12

median

Question 13

Action of lumbricals

Answer 13

flexion of MCP

extension of DIP and PIP

Question 14

Muscles in thenar and hypothenar compartment and actions

Answer 14

OAF (oppose, abduct, flex)
Opponens pollicis (digiti minimi)
Abductor pollicis brevis (DM)
Flexor pollicis brevis (DM)

Question 15

actions of interossei

Answer 15

DAB (Dorsal ABduct)

PAD (Palmar ADduct)

Question 16

What nerve innervates gluteus maximus

Answer 16

inferior gluteal

Question 17

superior gluteal nerve lesion causes what

Answer 17

trendelenburg sign/gait

- lesion is contralateral to side of drop

Question 18

Actions of Tibial vs peroneal nerves

Answer 18

TIP (tibial inverts and plantar flexes)

PED (Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes)

Question 19

What nerve/artery pair is in axilla/lateral thorax

Answer 19

long thoracic

lateral thoracic

Question 20

What nerve/artery pair is near surgical neck of humerus

Answer 20

axillary

posterior circumflex

Question 21

What nerve/artery pair is near midshaft of humerus

Answer 21

radial

deep brachial

Question 22

What nerve/artery pair is near distal humerus/cubital fossa

Answer 22

median

brachial

Question 23

What nerve/artery pair is in popliteal fossa

Answer 23

tibial

popliteal

Question 24

What nerve/artery pair is posterior to medial malleolus

Answer 24

tibial

posterior tibial

Question 25

What band of muscle fiber always stays same length during contraction

Answer 25

A band (myosin chain length stays the same)

Question 26

Describe type 1 fibers

Answer 26

1 slow red ox - slow twitch - red - lots of oxidative phosphorylation - has lots of myoglobin and mitochondria

Question 27

Describe type 2 fibers

Answer 27

``` fast twitch white decreased mitochondria and myoglobin increased anaerobic glycolysis - weight training results in hypertrophy of fast-twitch fibers ```

Question 28

How does smooth muscle contraction work?

Answer 28

- membrane depol activates L-type VG Ca channels - increase Ca-calmodulin complex - activates myosin-light-chain kinase

Question 29

Achondroplasia whats the defect?

Answer 29

FGFR3 --> inhibits chondrocyte proliferation

Question 30

estrogen effect on bone cells

Answer 30

inhibits apoptosis in osteoblasts induces apoptosis in osteoclasts - estrogen protective against osteoporosis

Question 31

drugs that cause lupus (5)

Answer 31

``` Sulfonamides Hydralazine Isoniazide Phenytoin Procainamide ``` SHIPP

Question 32

flat lesion <1cm

Answer 32

macule

Question 33

flat lesion >1cm

Answer 33

patch

Question 34

elevated solid skin lesion < 1cm

Answer 34

Papule

Question 35

macule

Answer 35

flat <1cm

Question 36

patch

Answer 36

flat >1cm

Question 37

papule

Answer 37

elevated <1cm

Question 38

Plaque

Answer 38

papule >1cm

Question 39

vesicle

Answer 39

small fluid containing blister <1cm

Question 40

bulla

Answer 40

large fluid-containing blister >1cm

Question 41

pustule

Answer 41

vesicle containing pus

Question 42

scale

Answer 42

flaking off of stratum corneum

Question 43

hyperkeratosis

Answer 43

increased thickness of stratum corneum

Question 44

parakeratosis (with what disease)

Answer 44

hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum | -psoriasis

Question 45

spongiosis

Answer 45

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces

Question 46

acantholysis

Answer 46

separation of epidermal cells

Question 47

acanthosis

Answer 47

epidermal hyperplasia

Question 48

actinic keratosis

Answer 48

scaly plaque | precursor to Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 49

keratoacanthoma

Answer 49

squamous cell carcinoma that grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously

Question 50

what gene associated with melanoma

Answer 50

BRAF kinase mutation