MS1: Conditions of the Foot Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
most common arch problem of the foot
A
pes planus
2
Q
describe flat foot
A
depressed or collapsed medial arch
3
Q
describe physiologic flat foot in children
A
present sa children kase 3-5 yo pa nadedevelop medial arch
usual sha sa infants kase hypermobile pa koint - DOES NOT CAUSE DISABILITY
flexible sha
4
Q
etiology of physiologic flat foot in children
A
unknown pero pwd fam history
joint laxity
or dahil may calcaneovalgus or mag lateral yung heel
5
Q
associated findings of physiologic flat foot in children
A
valgus heel tas depressed medial arch
6
Q
treatment of physiologic flat foot in children
A
non needed
reassure lng na by 3-5 mag akaka arch pag ala padin arch pad na yan
7
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
associated with tight achilles or gastrconemius contracture
A
hypermobile flatfoot
8
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
calcaneus is in equinus tas talus is pflex when child stands
A
hypermobile flatfoot
9
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
most severe and serious
A
vertical talus
10
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
plantar aspect is convex. heel valgus tas abducted forefoot; naka dflex pati
RIGID
A
vertical talus
11
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
union ng tarsal bones usually talus at calcaneus
A
tarsal coalition
12
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
most common non-nuerologic/muscular cause
A
tarsal coalition
13
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
associated w cerebral palsy and spina bifida
A
tarsal coalition
14
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
restricts subtalar motion and can cause pain
A
tarsal coalition
15
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
during adolescence mga 10-13
A
tarsal coalition
16
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
nawawala pag nag tip toe yung patient
A
hypermobile flatfoot
17
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
atrophy yung foot pati calf
A
vertical talus
18
Q
identify the type of pathologic pes planus in children
pain at subtalar joint tas contracture of PERONEALS
A
tarsal coalition
19
Q
treatment ng hypermobile flatfoot
A
stretch achilles or surgical lengthening
20
Q
treatment of vertical talus
A
surgery kung failed conservative
21
Q
treatment of tarsal coalition
A
excision ng coalition
immob at NSAID
22
Q
describe adult acquired flatfoot
A
progressive loss ng arch through age
23
Q
most common cause of adult acquired flat foot
A
posterior tibial tendon disfunction
24
Q
adult acquired flat foot causes
A
disfunction sa achilles
arthitis ma lax yung ligaments
charcot foot sa mga diabetic wala sila feeling so mali foot wear
trauma mag collapse talonavicular
25
why does adult acquired flat foot lead to medial knee pain
lat yung achilles ma abd yung foot so yung force sa medial side na ttransmit kaya pain sa medial knee
26
stage 1 adult acquired flat foot
medial ankle pain and swelling
27
stage 3 adult acquired flat foot
lateral pain with fixed valgus
27
stage 2 adult acquired flat foot
medial and lateral ankle pain tas inable to do single heel rise
28
t or f mas prone sa adult acquired flat foot ang may OA
true
29
symptoms ng adult acquired flat foot
pain and swell s ankle
tenderness s achilles
progression ng pes planus
rigid flat foot SA SEVERE
cant single heel rise
30
treatment of adult acquired flat foot
arch support talaga
NSAID wag mag steroids kase mas mag weaken lang yung muscles at tendon
surgical pag severe i fuse yung bones pero flat lakad n
31
describe claw foot
high longitudinal arch both medial and lateral
so ang nag ttouch s floor is forefoot at hindfoot lng
32
PE of pes cavus or claw foot
MTP is DFLEX
IP PFLEX
tas contracted yung plantar fascia and possible na shortened yung achilles
33
causes of claw foot
usually neuromuscular prob - polio ganun bast amag llead sa imbalance ng intrinsic at extrinsic msucles
cellulitis
RA
fracture w impaired blood supp
compartment syndrome
34
symtoms of claw foot
fatigue
callus sa toes kase natama sa shoe
35
treatment of claw foot
stretch yung plantar fascia and achilles
surgical kung mag fail conservative
36
describe osteochondritis
osteonecrosis ng epiphysis - CHILDTRN
37
types of osteochodritis
kohler's
frieberg's
sever's
38
what bone is involved in kohler's
navicular
39
when does kohler's disease
4th-5th year
40
cause of kohler's
trauma pwede pero UNKOWN
41
SSX of kohler's
limp tas tender sa bandang navicular
42
treatment of kohlers
protect kase fragile bone so immob SLIGHT INVERT and good shoes
medial arch support
43
what is freiberg's disease
avascular necrsosis pinaka common sa HEAD OF SECOND METATARSAL
more common sa ADUTS
44
SSX ng friebergs
unilateral pain worse pag mag walk
LOM sa MTP
tenderness
RICE LNG YAN
45
SSX ng friebergs
unilateral pain worse pag mag walk
LOM sa MTP
tenderness
RICE LNG YAN
46
what is severs disease
overuse injury sa calcaneus in growing child dahil sa pull ng achilles - MICROTRAUMA
47
most common cause of heel pain in children
sever's disease
48
cause of sever's
running and jumping sports sa mga bata
49
SSx of sever's
pain in calcaneal area inc w activity or impact
stretch of achilles inc pain
warmth and swelling
49
SSx of sever's
pain in calcaneal area inc w activity or impact
stretch of achilles inc pain
warmth and swelling
50
PE of severs
tight achilles tendon
positive squeeze test
pain sa heel
51
treatment of severs
self limiting with growth - mag cclose apohysis
avoind jump lng and running til mag close
52
most common MTP affected by gout
PODAGRA - 1st MTP
60%
53
what is gout
deposition of uric acid crystals sa joint from red meat at alcohol
54
SSX of gout
excrutiating pain, swelling tas redness
55
occurence of gout
hereditary
MIDDLE AGED MEN
56
where does interdigital neuroma commonly occur
USUALLY between 3rd AT 4th
tas 2nd at 3rd next
57
cause of interdigital neuroma
thickening of common digital nerve sa bifurcation due to trauma
58
treatment of interdigital neuroma
metatarsal arch support
stretching
excision sa nerve
59
other name of stress fractures
march fracture of fatigue fracture
60
other name for interdigital neuroma
mortons toe
61
usually affected sa stress fracture
metatarsal shaft of 2nd or 3rd
62
cause of stress fracture
prolonged unaccustomed standing or wrong stand
63
treatment stress fracture
rest
tape
metatarsal arch pad
64
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
lateral angulation of toes tas medial dev of MTP
hallux valgus
65
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
more common
hallux valgus
66
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
hereditary tas contacture ng FHL at EHL
hallux valgus
67
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
has more problems
hallux valgus
68
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
medial angulation of toes
hallux varus
69
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
from trauma, infection or msucle imbalance
hallux varus
70
identify if hallux valgus or hallux varus
affected yung ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
hallux varus
71
treatment of mild hallux valgus
sipit slipper tas over correction
72
surgical treatment for hallux valgus
silver operation at keller/shcahnz
73
silver operation
elongation of ligament sa EHL
74
keller or schanz
resection of proximal half of 1st phalanx
MAS OK TOH
75
treatment of hallux varus
surgical release of contracture
or osteotomy of metatarsal head and use 2ND EHB to correct allignment
76
hammer or claw toe
affects single toe
hammer toe
77
hammer or claw toe
all toe
claw toe
78
hammer or claw toe
MTP DFLEX
IP PFLEX
hammer toe
79
hammer or claw toe
2nd toe most commonly affected
hammer toe
80
hammer or claw toe
MTP HYPEREXTENSION
PIP AND DIP FLEX
claw toe
81
what is mallet toe
simple flexion contracture of DIP
82
what is turf toe
sprain of 1st MTP joint sa plantar ligament
83
causes of turf toe
forceful dorsiflexion tas minsan pflex din
84
SSX of turf toe
pain and tenderness sa 1st MTP
pain worsened when moving MTP
LOM
85
treatment of turf toe
RICE
taping
stiff soled shoes
86
what is jones fracture
fracture ng diaphysis of 5th MTT
common s sprinters at runner
87
cause of jone's fracture
inversion and pflex injury
88
SSX of jone's fracture
pain on lateral aspect
tender sa 5th MTT
89
treatment of jone's fracture
NSAID
IMMOB FOR 6-8 WKS
screw fixation
90
what is plantar fasciatis
overload ng mga muscles causing pain sa plantar fascia
91
occurence of plantar fasciatis
equal men and women
MORE PAG
obese
weight bearing endurance activity
wrong foot wear
decreased DFLEX sa mga non athletes kase tight gastroc
92
pathology of platar fasciatis
overuse so microtears sa plantar fascia
93
1st line of treatment of plantar fasciatis
stretch ng plantar fascia at achilles
AIF wag steroid kase baka mag rupture lng
cushioned heel inserts, splint or cast 8-10 wks kung sever
94
2nd line of treatment of plantar fasciatis
shock wave treatment pag more than 6 months n or chronic n
95
what is tarsal tunnel syndrome
compression ng tibial nerve
96
causes of TTS
intrinsic - sa loob yung impingement so mga cyst, tumor
extrinsic - shoes, trauma, anatomic deformity, inflammation
97
SSX of tarsal tunnel
pain sa talampakan in prolonged standing or walking
numbness and tingling
part of heel pain triad
98
heel pain triad
posterior tibial tendon deficiency, plantar fasciatis and TTS
99
treatment TTS
treat the specific cause
AIF and SSRI kung tightness or inflammed
bracing
surgical after 3-6 months of failed conservative
100
what is haglunds deformity
excessive prominence sa posterosuperior ng calcaneus
COMMON SA ADULTS
101
cause of haglunds deformity
chronic inflammation ng achilles bursa kase nag rrub yung heel sa shoe
gout or previous trauma
pangit n footwear
101
SSX of haglunds deformity
pain on posterior heel
skin irritation or erythema
bursitis
102
treatment of haglunds deformity
ICE, heel lift or open shoe
NSAID or steroids
surgical - tanggal ng bony prominence or bursitis
103
what is Os trigonum
failure of lateral tubercle to unite with talus kaya ma iimpinge oag nag PFLEX
104
occurence of Os trigonum
11-13 pag boys
8-10 pag boys
10% of patients
105
causes of Os trigonum congenital
separations of lateral tubercle to talus bc of microtrauma during development
106
causes of Os trigonum acquired
from fracture na di nag unite
sa athletes na lagi PFLEX - gymnast, ice skater, baller, dance, soccre
107
SSx of Os trigonum
pain on posterolateral ankle kase impinge bet post tibial at calcaneus
pain posteromedial kase FH tendinitis
108
treatment of Os trigonum
rest at NSAID
surgery
109
cause of achilles tendon rupture
disruption of achilles tendon due to degeneration or repeated microtrauma
sa bandang calcaneus or gastroc
110
risk factors of achilles tendon rupture
achilles tendinitis
lagi nag tiptoe
use of steroids tas may huglunds
gout
111
classification of achilles tendon rupture
acute
chronic - delayed of 2 months or 3 months
112
SSx of achilles tendon rupture
painful pop
weak PFLEX
+ simons
+ thomsons
113
what is simons test
positive pag may palpable defect sa tendon
114
at is thomsons test
squeezing calf muscle does not result in PFLEX
115
treatment of achilles tendon rupture
cast in PFLEX kung partial tear lng
surgical reconstruction for chronic
116
complications of achilles tendon rupture
higher re-rupture rate
incomplete return of function
infection and wound dehiscence
117
what mechanism of ankle sprain is more common (invert/evert)
inversion - lateral ligaments
118
what type of ankle sprain is more common
low ankle sprain - > 90%
119
compare high and low ankle sprain
high - less common AKA SYNDESMOSIS from TWISTING
low - invert/evert; ATFL CFL
120
most commonly involved ligament ligament in low ankle sprains
ATFL
2nd yung CFL
least PTFL
121
mechanism of ATFL sprain
PFLEX and INVERSION
+ drawer's
122
mechanism of CFL sprain
DFLEX ANF INVERSION
+ drawer's
123
SSx of ankle sprain
pain in WB
instability
catching or popping sa recurrent
tender and swell lig
anterior drawer ttest
124
how is drawer's test done
place sa 10-15 def PFLEX tas translate rear foot anteriorly
positive pag nag translate forward yung foot
di pwd sa acute kase baka mapunit
125
position of drawers test if ATFL
PFLEX
126
position of drawers test if CFL
DFLEX
127
what is talar tilt test
invert ankle from neutral
pag lax or may pain + injury to ATFL and CFL
128
grade 1 low ankle sprain
no ligament tear
minimal swelling
normal pain with WB
129
grade 2 low ankle sprain
stretch w/o tear
moderate swelling
mild pain w WB
130
grade 3 low ankle sprain
complete tear
severe swelling
severe pain w WB
131
treatment for mild low ankle sprain
immob WB for 1 wk ; early mob
pag wala na sweeling and FROM na pwede na mag neuromuscular training; PERONEAL MUSCLES
132
patophysiology of high ankle sprain
foot planted tas ER
133
affected ligaments of syndesmosis ankle sprain
AITFL and PITFL tas interosseous membrane
134
strongest component of synedesmosis
PITFL
135
SSx of syndesmosis ankle sprain
pain proximal to AITFL
medial tenderness tas difficult WB
syndesmosis tenderness or + squeeze test
136
what is squeeze test
compress midway up the calf
+ if may pain
137
nonop treatment of syndemosis ankle sprain
non WB boot for 2-3 wks
138
op treatment of syndemosis ankle sprain
screw fixation
139
phase 1 of syndesmosis ankle sprain
non WB, CAM BOOT
gentle manual resistance
140
phase 2 of syndesmosis ankle sprain
protected WB crutches
continue motion and resistance excercises
141
phase 3 of syndesmosis ankle sprain
WB as tolerated
functional excercises
sport specific drills
brace and taping for return to sport
