Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

comeback szn > MS1: Orthopedic Conditions of the Knee > Flashcards

MS1: Orthopedic Conditions of the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the tibio-femoral joint

A

modified hinge kase flex-ext, some rotation and abd-add

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the knee joint

A

largest and most complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of joint is the patellofemoral joint

A

plane nag glide up and down yung patella during flex-ext

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

purpose of patellofemoral joint

A

protects anterior knee

ANATOMICAL PULLEY para mas madali mag extend quads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of joint proximal tibia-fibula

A

synovial plane; gliding during movement ng ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nerve supp ng proximal tibia-fibula

A

common peroneal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stability of joint depends on

A

strength and action of surrounding muscles

ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the capsule

A

surrounds the joint

attached to margins ng articular surfaces

ant and post ligaments strengthen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

purpose of interosseous membrane

A

connects shaft ng tibia and fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extracapsular ligaments

A

pattelar lig

LCL and MCL

lateral collateral

medial collateral

oblique popliteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

patellar ligament

A

distal part of quads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

collateral ligs of knee

A

LCL - add; rounded
MCL - abd; flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

oblique popliteal lig

A

expansion ng semimemb

strength sa posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

intracapsular ligs

A

ACL
PCL
menisci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ano mas mahina acl o pcl

A

acl is weaker kase poor blood supply

stronger PCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acl prevents what

A

posterior displacement of femur and ant ng tibia

HYPEREXTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

location of cruciates

A

center of knee; stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is ACL taut and laxed

A

taut kapag ext

lax pag flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when is PCL taut

A

knee flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does PCL prevent

A

ant disp ng femur tas post ng tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

main function of ACL

A

rotational stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

main function of PCL

A

stabilizer kapag weight bearing in flexed knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which is more mobile na meniscus

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

compare the shape ng menisci

A

lat - circular and smaller

med - broad and C SHAPED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what acts on extension

A

quads; limited by cruciates and collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when does rotation happen

A

knee is flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what acts on flexion

A

hamstring; limited by contact of calf and thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what acts on medial rot

A

popliteus, semimemb, semiten

checked by cruciates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what acts on lat rot

A

biceps femoris

checked by collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where is the supracondylar area

A

zone betw femoral condyles sa metaphysis

10-15 cm distal femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

bat may physiologic valgus yung femur

A

kase medial condyle extends more distally and mas convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

deforming force of gastroc on distal femur fractures

A

flexes distal fragment

POSTERIOR ANGULATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

deforming force of quads and hams on distal femur fractures

A

proximal traction

SHORTENS LE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

mechanism of injury in DFF

A

axial load in varus, valgus or rotational

young - MVA or fall ng mataas

elderly - slip or fall on flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

general principles of treatment of DFF

A

restore congruity

stabilize; fragment sa shaft

indirect reduction to preserve bv

early knee ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

non-op of DFF in NON DISPLACED

A

hinged knee brace; FULL TIME - 6-8 WKS

closed chain ROM 3-4 wks

partial weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

non-op of DFF in DISPLACED

A

traction then brace; 6-12 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

op treatment of DFF

A

plate fixation or nail

SEVERE - arthroplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

complications of op treatment in DFF

A

nonunion

malalignment

loss of fixation

infection

knee pain stiff

painful hardware kase weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

describe the etiology og knee dislocations

A

UNCOMMON PERO LIFE THREATENING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

mech of injury ng knee disloc

A

MVA and dashboard; HE

athletic injury or fall; LE

rupture ng 3/4 ligs; ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

diagnosis ng knee disloc

A

tibia mag move

ant
post
medial or lat
rot
posterolat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

most common type of knee disloc

A

POSTEROLATERAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

treatment of knee disloc

A

emergent reduction

REVASCULARIZE WITH IN 6 HOURS

ligament reconstruct - mas ok pag acute
EARLY ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

complications of knee disloc

A

vasular injury

neurologic - PERONEAL - ant comp - FOOT DROP

stifness - MOST COMMON

lax ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

escribe neurologic copli on knee disloc

A

MAIPIT PERONEAL SO FOOT DROP KASE ANT COMP MUSCLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

most common compli of knee disloc

A

stifness or arthrofibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

functions of the patella

A

inc mechanical advantage of quads tendon

aid nourishment

protect condyles ng femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

largest facet of patella

A

lateral - 50% of pattela

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is the Q angle

A

hindi pantay yung femoral head sa patella

ensures na pull ng quads is laterally directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

normal Q angle

A

3.5 DEG - MALE

4.6 DEG - FEMALE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

most common type of patellar disloc

A

lateral dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

occurence of patellar disloc

A

more common in women - physiologic laxity bc hormones at inc Q angle

hypermobility ng ligs at soft tissue disorders

congenital abnormalitites ng knee, PATELLA ALTA

54
Q

relate inc Q angle to patellar disloc

A

increase chance kse mas lateral magiging pull ng quads - lateral disloc

55
Q

clinical presentation of patellar disloc

A

BIGLANG NAPALUHOD TAS DISPLACED NA

hemarthrosis

cant flex knee

displaced patella on palpation

pag chronic - + apprehension test

56
Q

non op treatment of patellar disloc

A

reduction tas casting in knee ext

pwede mag ambulate locked ext for 3 wks tas iso quads

6-8 pwede na walang brace

57
Q

when can tanggal brace for patellar disloc

A

6-8 wks

58
Q

op treatment of patellar disloc

A

pag recurrent disloc; RARE

59
Q

occurence of patellar fractures

A

NADAPA TAS NAKALUHOD

NOT COMMON 1% LANG

mas common sa male; 2:1

20-50 yo

bilat is uncommon

60
Q

significance of medial and lateral extensor retinacula

A

preserves active extension in patellar fractures

61
Q

mechanism of injury of patellar fracture pag DIRECT

A

trauma to patella; abrasions pag open

minimal displacement; preserved yung med and lat retincular eme eme

MAY KNEE EXT

62
Q

mechanism of injury of patellar fracture pag INDIRECT

A

MOST COMMON

forced quads contract while knee is semiflexed in stumble or fall

TRANSVERSE FRACTURE PATTERN

NO KNEE EXT

63
Q

indications of non op in patellar fracture

A

non or minimal lng displace

INTACT EXTENSOR MECHANISM

64
Q

non op in patellar fracture

A

knee immobilizer ng 4-6 wks

early weight bearing as tolerated; crutches

SLR and quads iso - active flex-ext strengthening w hinged knee brace

65
Q

indications of op in patellar fracture

A

more than 2 mm incongruity

more than 3 mm displacement

open fracture

66
Q

op in patellar fracture

A

repair retinacular disruption

post op mag splint 3-6 wks tas early ROM

partial to FWB by 6 wks

67
Q

major weight bearing bone of the leg

A

tibia - 85%

68
Q

compare the 2 tibial plateaus

A

med - larger more concave

lat - higher and convex

69
Q

what are the 3 bony prominences of the tibial plateau

A

tibial tubercle - patellar tendon

pes anserinus - medial hams

gerdy’s tubercle - IT band

70
Q

what is the more common type of tibial plateau fracture

A

lateral

71
Q

causes of medial plateau fracture

A

MVA

injury to LCL, peroneal nerve and popliteal vessels

72
Q

mechanism of TPF

A

varus or valgus force during axial loading

MORE COMMON IN YOUNG

BICONDYLAR SPLIT; sa gitna na fracture pag extended knee

73
Q

mechanism of TPF in YOUNG

A

MVA

split fracture and ligamentous disruption

74
Q

mechanism of TPF in ELDERLY

A

falls

depression and split-depression

LOWER RATE NG LIGAMENT DAMAGE

75
Q

associated injuries sa TPF

A

meniscal tears - 50%

cruciate or collat tears - 30%
- young adults

peroneal nerve or popliteal nuerovascular lesions

76
Q

explain peroneal nerve or popliteal nuerovascular lesions in TPF

A

lateral frcture ma impinge

pag medial; na pppull LCL so ma iimpinge din

77
Q

non op of TPF

A

protected Wb and EARLY ROM in hinge brace

isp quads to passive to active

PWB for 8-12 wks until kaya mag FWB

78
Q

op of TPF

A

post op - NO WB with passive and AROM

WB at 8-12 wks

79
Q

indications of op TPF

A

split fracture

open

compartment synd or vascular injury

instability and step off

80
Q

compli of TPF

A

knee stiff

infection

compartment synd

malunion

arthritis

peroneal nerve or popliteal artery injury

avascular necrosis

81
Q

pathology of patellofemoral pain

A

pain in patella worsened by sitting, stairs or pataas na walk and squats

82
Q

occurence of patellofemoral pain

A

NON ATHLETE MAS COMMON SA WOMEN

PAG ATHLETE SA MALE MAS COMMON

83
Q

causes of patellofemoral pain

A

femoral trochlear dysplasia - di enough yung sulcus to prevent patellar disloc

morphology and congruence ng patella

baja or alta

q angle

84
Q

why are women more susceptible to anterior knee pain

A

broad pelvis produces inc valgus angle or Q angle

increase din femoral anteversion which increases valgus angle

85
Q

what are patellar compression syndromes

A

from overstained patella tas restricted yung motion ng surrounding tissues

86
Q

cause LPCS

A

tight lateral retinaculum produces patellar tilt = compression

87
Q

diagnosis LPCS

A

if decreased yung medial patellar glide and kita na lateral tilt

88
Q

clinical manifestation LPCS

A

VMO is atrophied kase medial stabilizer sha; ni ccounter act nya lateral tilt

so pwede mag inflamme or pain

89
Q

treatment of LPCS

A

stretching of lateral retinacular structures

patellar taping to correct tilt

stretch hams, quads and ITB

strengthen VMO

AIF

activity modification; minimize stairs and deep squat

90
Q

cause of IPCS

A

related sa direct trauma or hyperplasia after surgery due to immob

both medial and lat tight do di talaga maka glide

91
Q

globar patellar pressure syndrome

A

dec knee flex-ext

92
Q

prodromal stage of IPCS

A

2-8 wks after trauma

rehab w early patellar mob

stretch hams, quads, hip flexors, gastroc and ITB; restore knee ext

PALAKAS QUADS

hold glide for long duration

93
Q

active stage of IPCS

A

mas humigpit - wala passive and active knee ROM

texture changes sa patella tendon

+ shelf sign - abrupt step off ng patellar tendon sa tibial tubercle

REQUIRES SURGERY - daily CPM to full AROM, extension splints at night

94
Q

residual stage of IPCS

A

at 8 mo. or years - SIGNIFICANT ARTHROSIS AND LOW RIDING PATELLA

knee pain, stiff and swell; CREPITUS

10 deg or more loss in ext
25 deg or more loss on flex
and dec patellar glide

atrophy of quads, paplpable crepitus,

FLEXED KNEE GAIT

95
Q

common cause of pain and functional disability

A

articular cartilage defect

96
Q

treatment for articular cartilage defect

A

usually surgical

debride, transplant and microfracture

97
Q

post op rehab for articular cartilage defect PROLIFERATION

A

4-6 wks post op

protect, dec swell and gradual PROM and limited WB para may control n s quads

ice tas heat

98
Q

post op rehab for articular cartilage defect TRANSITION

A

4-12 wks post op

PWB to FWB and full ROM na

resumes to normal activities PERO NO SPORTS PA

99
Q

post op rehab for articular cartilage defect REMODELING

A

3-6 months post op

improvement of symptoms tas NORMAL ROM

low to mod impact activities - BIKE, GOLF, walking malayo

100
Q

post op rehab for articular cartilage defect MATURATION

A

4-6 or 15-18 months post op; depends sa lesion size and loc and surgery na ginawa

YES NA TO SPORTS

101
Q

most common disability in US

A

tibiofemoral osteoarthritis

102
Q

occurence of tibiofemoral OA

A

63-94 yo

degenerative so wear and tear

obses, overuse or from prev injury

103
Q

most common type of arthritis sa elderly

A

knee OA

104
Q

clinical findings of TF OA

A

swelling

warm to touch

pain in WB and sometimes kahit nag rrest

loss of motion

105
Q

conservative treatment of TF OA

A

palakasin quads tas aerobic SWIMMING

exercise talaga

106
Q

op treatment of TF OA

A

total knee arthroplasty

w ICE, ROM, iso ng quads, mobilize patella tas gait traini

107
Q

occurence of chondromalacia patella

A

12-35 yo FEMALE

softening of cartilage sa posterior ng patella

108
Q

two types of chondromalacia patella

A

surface degen of patella - age dependent ASYMPTOMATIC

basal degen - trauma and abnormal tracking of patella kase LAX LIG

109
Q

grade 1 of chondromalacia patella

A

CLOSED disease

softening is reversibele lessen lang activity

intacts pa joint surface pero SPONGY

may blister

110
Q

grade 2 of chondromalacia patella

A

OPEN disease

may fissure yung blister

111
Q

grade 3 of chondromalacia patella

A

severe fibrillation or mas malalaim na fissure

CRABMEAT APPEARANCE

112
Q

grade 4 of chondromalacia patella

A

full thickness na fibrillation - eroded hanggang bone

leads to OA

113
Q

occurence of ACL tear

A

women more than men in sports

114
Q

pathology of ACL tear

A

sudden deceleration or change in direction tas fixed yung foot

knee popping as tibia moves anteriorly

115
Q

classic sign of ACL injury

A

acute hemarthrosis - blood into joint cavity

116
Q

ACL risk factors

A

narrow intercondylar notch

joint laxity - more in women

hormones - estrogen, estradiol and relaxin; WOMEN

pelvics an TF angle; inc Q angle

smaller ACL sa female tas weaker muscles nila

117
Q

most common meniscal tear

A

bucket handle

118
Q

unhappy triad

A

medial meniscus

MCL

ACL

119
Q

most common mechanical symtom in knee

A

meniscal tear

120
Q

which is more common med or lat meniscal tear

A

medial

121
Q

cause of meniscal tear

A

turn or twist or change direction while WB

pwede din trauma to lat or med ng knee pag naka plant yung foot

122
Q

clinical manifestation of meniscal tears

A

sweeling, pop or clinc and pain along joint

lead to arthritis kase bone to bone contacts since wala na meniscus

123
Q

plica syndrome

A

anterior pain

click, lock or pseudolocking of knee

can mimic acute internal derangement of knee

124
Q

treatment for plica

A

strecth of quads, hams and gastroc

iso, cryo, ultra, patellar brace and AIF

125
Q

cause of patellar tendinitis

A

overuse

eccentric overload during jumping, landing downhill run DECELERATION

bigblang mapapa squat tas babalik sa standing

126
Q

treatment for patellar tendinitis

A

eccentric strength

5 min warmup w 5 static stretch held for 15-30 secs

127
Q

ITB friction syndrime

A

overuse in long distance runners

repeptitive stress injury as ITB slides sa lat femoral condyle at 30 deg flexion

GURDEYS - tender upon palpation
+ obers

128
Q

treatments for ITB syndome

A

modify activity - lessen mileage, changeike seat or shoes

ice and heat

palakas hip abd

stretch ITB

129
Q

osgood-schlatter

A

avulstion ng patellar tendon sa tibia

teen agers mas common sa male ; due to growth spurt

130
Q

sinding-larsen-johanssen syndrome

A

sa inferior patella nag apophysitis

sa immature or pre growth spurt

fragmentation ng tibial tubercle or inferior patella

comeback szn (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions