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MSK 1 final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common MOI for lateral ankle sprain?

A

Inversion injury, often with plantarflexion

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2
Q

Which ligamanet is most commonly injured in a lateral ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament ATFL

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3
Q

What are key special tasts for lateral ankle sprain?

A

anterior drawer, talar tilt (lateral), reverse anterior drawer

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4
Q

What are hallmark symptoms of chronic ankle instability?

A

History of ankle sprains, instability, or “giving way”, impaired balance, decreased fibularis strength

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5
Q

Which condition presents with “snapping” during DF and eversion due to subluxation?

A

Fibularis longus/bravis subluxation

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6
Q

What is a distingushing test for fibularis subluxation?

A

Fibularis subluxation test - snapping over lateral malleolus

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7
Q

Which condition is charactericed by deep ankle pain, mechanical symptoms and TTP to talar dome?

A

osteochondral defect

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8
Q

What is the windlass test used for?

A

Diagnosing plantar fascitits or plantar heel pain by stressing the plantar fascia

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9
Q

What are positive signs of anterior ankle impingement (CRP)?

A

anterolateral joint tenderness and swelling, pain with forced DF, single leg squat, and activity, absence of instability

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10
Q

What population and symptoms are typical for Sever’s Disease?

A

active childeren ages 7-14; posterior heel pain, worse with activity and resisted plantarflexion

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11
Q

What test is most specific for an ACL tear?

A

Lachman’s test - high sensitivity (85%) and specifitiy (94%)

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12
Q

What is the typical MOI for a medial collateral ligamnet (MCL) injury?

A

lateral impactto the knee causing valgus stress

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13
Q

What condition causes anterior knee pain, worse with squatting, and has no structural lesion?

A

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)

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14
Q

Which test is best for detecting a meniscal tear?

A

Thessaly, McMurray’s test, and joint line palpation

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15
Q

What is cause of Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Traction apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents due to repetitive strain

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16
Q

What are hallmark signs of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS)?

A

Positive FADIR test, anterior hip pain with squatting or sitting, limited ROM.

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17
Q

What conditon involves avascular necrosis of the femoral head in childeren?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

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18
Q

What test is commonly positive in a hip labral tear?

A

FADIR test, FABER test, and log roll test

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19
Q

Which hip conditon typically presnts with Trendelenburg sign?

A

Gluteus medius tendinopathy or tear (greater trochanteric pain syndrome)

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20
Q

What diagnosis should be suspected in an adolescent with hip held in ER and medial knee pain?

A

Slipped Capital femoral epiphysis

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21
Q

what symptoms are typical of lumbar stenosis?

A

Bilateral leg pain, worse with walking/standing, relieved by sitting or flexion

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22
Q

Whar CPR supports lumbar manipulation treatment?

A

FABQ-W < 19 , symptoms < 16days, no symptoms distal to knee, 1 hypomobile segment, 1 hip with >35 degree IR

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23
Q

What is a hallmark of sponyloithesis in younger athletes?

A

Pain with extension, step off deformity, positive stork test

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24
Q

Which test identfies lumbar instability>

A

Positive prone instability test, aberrant movement, SLR > 91 degrees, age < 40 years,

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25
What condition may present with night pain or history of cancer?
Red flag sign for possible tumor or infection ---- refer out
26
What would a positve heel thrust test be indiciative of?
posterior ankle impingement
27
Pain with activites that cause repetative compression is indicative of what condtion?
posterior ankle impingement
28
What are the common whys to achiles tendinopathy?
- underloading - sudden increase in loading - rearfoot valgus or varus - long term corticosteriod use - gastroc soleus, FDL/FHL strength
29
What is the common age range for sever's disease?
active children ages 7-14 years
30
What are the indications of severs diease? ## Footnote caneal spophysitis
- pain and swelling over posterior heel - pain with walking - pain with resisted plantarflexion
31
With what condition/diagnosis would you see limmited ankle eversion and weak ankle inversion strength?
medial ankle sprain
32
What are the secondary injuries to be concered about after a medial eversion sprain?
nerve injury (superfical fibular nerve) syndesmosis injury fracture (evulsion)
33
What is the MOI of a syndesmotic injury?
external rotation of foot when DF and pronated
34
What are the special tests for high ankle sprain?
- Kleiger test - squeez test - fibular translation test - figure 8 test
35
What were the common things to find in an examination of a high ankle sprian?
- limmtied PF ROM - pain with ER ROM - pain with forced DF ROM - inability to perform a single leg hop
36
What are common secondary injuries with high ankle sprian?
- fibular fracture - deltoid ligament injury
37
What is posterior tibialais tendon dysfucntion?
a condition where the posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch of the foot becomes damaged or weakened, leading to arch collapse and other foot and ankle problems
38
What are the common things found on the subjective exam for posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction?
- often gradual onset - may or may not have visible swelling - pain with weight activites - as condition progresses onset of pain occurs eauler in the activity
39
What is the hallmark of posterior tibialais tendon dysfunction?
getting out of bed and taking steps is painful
40
What are the whys that need to be assessed with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction?
- talocrual joint restriction - great toe joint restriction - decreased strength of tibialis anterior; gastroc-soleus complex, and/or fibularis longus/brevis
41
What is the early stage of Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction?
- localized pain - able to perform SL calf raise - strong but painful inversion strength test
42
What is the middle stage of Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction?
- pain along tendon - rearfoot valus; forefoot abduction - weak SL calf raise - increased mobility of subtalar joint (flexiable) - weak inversion strength test
43
What is the late stage of Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction?
- lateral ankle pain - severe arch collapse (supination to hard to do) - unable to perform SL calf raise - loss of subtalar mobility (fixed)
44
What are the indications of hallux valgus?
- Redness at 1st MTP joint - TTP to medial 1st MTP joint - Pronation and valgus deviation of the proximal phalanx - Varus deviation of 1st metatarsal - Tingling or burning on dorsal aspect of joint--> Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve compression - Decreased MTP joint sagittal plane ROM
45
What are some "WHYS" to hallux valgus?
- Talocrural or subtalar joint mobility restrictions - Gastrocnemius muscle length - Forefoot/rearfoot varus or valgus - Tibial torsion - Hip/core weakness
46
What are the indications for hallux rigidus?
- 1st MTP joint pain with walking (terminal stance, pre swing) - may or may not have swelling - decreased ROM especially extension of 1st MTO joint
47
What are the indications of sesamoiditis?
- MOI – Gradual onset - Increased running or jumping activities - Plantar 1st MTP joint pain
48
What is the capsular pattern for the talocrual joint?
Plantarflexion > dorsiflexion
49
What population is most at risk for Achiles tendinopathy?
middle-aged runners with sudden increase in loading or poor mechanics.
50
What are two reliable special tests for Achiles tendinopathy?
Royal london hospital test and arc sign
51
What is the key difference between reactive and degenerative tendinopathy treatment?
reactive: activity modification Degenerative: progressive loading
52
What is Os Trigonum syndrome?
Posterior ankle impingment caused by an accessory bone behind the talus.
53
What is the cause of IT band syndrome and common contributing factor?
Friction over the lateral femoral condyle; decreased gluteal strength and dynamic valgus
54
which condition is charcteried by pain over pes anserine with activity?
Pes anserine tendinopathy or bursitis
55
What are the 5 P's of exertional compartment syndrome?
Pain, Pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis - resolve at rest
56
What movement commonly causes a popliteus strain?
Hyperextension or excessice internal tibial rotation
57
Which red flag shoud be ruled out before treating a suspected tibial stress fracture?
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)
58
What are signs of SIJ jypomobility?
Pain with unilateral loading, positive procovation tests, and decreased mobility with segmental testing
59
Which pelvis condition is common in pregnant woment and cause instability?
SIJ hypermobility due to hormonal and mechanical changes
60
What is the typical presentation of a patient with disc heriation?
Unilateral radicular pain, worse with flexion, relieved with extension, positive neurp screen
61
What is cauda equina syndrome and key signs?
Serious compression of lover spinal nerves; saddle anesthesia, bowel/bladder dysfunction, medical emergency.
62
63
Which condition shows pain relief with distraction and worsens with compression?
mechanical disc-related pain or disc herniation
64
What is the typical WB progression for a patient post-lateral ankle reconstrution?
initially non-weight bearing with immobilization; gradual weight-bearing in boot over 4-6 weeks with proprioception training introduced in the subacute phase
65
What intervention is mosr appropriate during the acute phase of hamsting strain rehab?
Pain-free isometrics, avoiding excessive stretching; progressive loading introduced in the subacute phase.
66
What is a common complication post-hip labral repair surgery?
Anterior hip pain with prolonged sitting or pivoting; possible delelopment of hip flexor tendinopathy.
67
What ROM should be limited post-hip arthrocopy for labral repair?
Flexion past 90, ER, and combined flexion with rotation intatlly.
68
Which lumbar condition benifits most from directional preference - based extension exercises?
Posterior disc herniation with cnetralization or symptoms during repeated extension movements
69
What are signs a patient might benifit from traction for low back pain?
peripheralization with movement testing and positive crossed straight leg raise.
70
What is the purpose of slump testing?
To assess neurodynamic tension of the sciatic nerve and lumbar nerve roots
71
What is the primary goal of treatment in degenerative disc disease?
maximize stability, mobility, and functional capacity with education and core stabilization.
72
72
What is the clinical significance of aberrant movement during lumar AROM?
Suggests lumabr instability or motor control deficits; may indicatie stabilization classificaiton
72
What is the typical post-op protocol timeline for ACL reconstiction return to sport?
A return to sport around 9-12 months post-op with strngth and hop testing symmetry > 90%
72
What is the CPR for identifying OA?
squatting as aggravating, lateral hip with hip flexion, positive scour, passive IR < 25 degree, pain with active extension
73
What is a positive sign on the patellar apprehension test?
Patient contracts quadriceps or guards when lateral glide is applied to the patella, indicating instability
74
What movement pattern is often seen in posterior tibialis dysfunction during gait?
Exessive rearfoot eversion and lack of push-off due to loss of arch stability
75
What distinguishes posterior tibialis tendinopathy from plantar fascitis?
Posterior tibialis pain more medial and worsens with resited inversion while plantar fascitis causes heel pain with first steps
76
What are the phases of tendinopathy rehabilitation?
Isometric --> isotonic ---> energry storage --> release (e.g., plyometrics/sport- specific)
77
What is a common substitution pattern in gluteal weakness during single-leg stance?
Lateral trunk lean or Trendelenburg sign due to hip abductor insufficiency
78
What exam fnding supports the manipulation classification for LBP?
Hypomobility in one or more lumbar segment, pain not distal to knee, symptoms < 16 days, and low FABQ-W
79
what motion typically aggravates symptoms in lumbar spinal stenosis?
Lumbar extension - especially during standing or walking
80
What motion typically relieves symptoms in lumbar spinal stenosis?
Lumbar flexion - such as sitting or leaning forward
81
What is centralization phenomenon in McKinzie (MDT) classification?
Pain moves from a distal to a more proximal location with repeated movements typically indicates disc involvement and good prognosis with directional preference
82
What is a positive prone instability test and what does it indicate?
Pain with PA pressure that is relieved when legs are lifted and trunk muscles engage - suggests lumbar instability
83
What exam findings suppot inclusion in the lumbar stabilization treatment classification?
Age < 40, aberrant AROM, SLR > 91 degree, positive prone instability test.
84
What SIJ special tests cluster improves diagnostic accuracy?
Distraction; compression, thigh thrust, sacral thrust, and Gaenslens test.
85
What is turf toe?

MSK 1 (4 decks)

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