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Paediatrics > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

what is transient synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane of the hip joint

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2
Q

what age is transient synovitis common in

A

3-10yrs

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3
Q

clinical presentation of transient synovitis

A

limp
refusal to bear weight
groin or hip pain - no pain at rest
should otherwise be well

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4
Q

what is there often a history of in transient synovitis

A

history of recent URTI

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5
Q

management for transient synovitis

A

analgesia
safety netting
follow up in 48-72hrs

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6
Q

what is perthes disease

A

idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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7
Q

risk factors for perthes

A

male
4-12 yrs

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8
Q

clinical presentation of perthes disease

A

limp
hip pain
referred knee pain
restricted hip movement
no hx of trauma

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9
Q

investigations for perthes disease

A
  • xray of both hips including frog views
  • normal blood tests
  • bone scan or MRI
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10
Q

management for perthes

A

bed rest
traction, crutches
analgesia
physio

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11
Q

what is osgood- schlatter disease

A

osteochondritis of the patellar tension insertion at the knee

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12
Q

risk factors for osgood-schlatter disease

A
  • m
  • 10-15yrs
  • athletic
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13
Q

clinical presentation for osgood-schlatter disease

A

gradual onset
visible/ palpable hard and tender lump at the tibial tuberosity
pain in anterior aspect of knee
exacerbation of pain by physical activity, kneeling and extension of knee

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14
Q

management of osgood-schlatter disease

A

self limiting
reduce activity
analgesia

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15
Q

what is slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE)

A

displacement of the proximal femoral epiphysis

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16
Q

risk factors for SUFE

A
  • obesity
  • endocrine conditions e.g. hypothyroidism
  • m
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17
Q

typical presentation for SUFE

A

adolescent, obese male undergoing a growth spurt
with maybe a hc of minor trauma

18
Q

clinical presentation of SUFE

A

hip, groin, thigh or knee pain
restricted ROM of hip
painful limp

19
Q

investigations for SUFE

A
  • xray
  • bloods (normal)
  • bone scan
20
Q

management for SUFE

A

surgery

21
Q

what is osteogenesis imperfecta

A

genetic condition resulting in brittle bones that are prone to fractures

8 different types which vary in severity

22
Q

clinical presentation for osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • hypermobility
  • blue/ grey sclera
  • deafness
  • dental problems particularly formation of teeth
  • bone pain
  • short stature
23
Q

investigations for osteogenesis imperfecta

A

clinical diagnosis
xray
genetic testing

24
Q

management for osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • bisphosphonates
  • vit d supplements
    MDT
25
Q

common cause of septic arthritis

A

staph aureus
neisseria gonorrhoea in sexually active teens

26
Q

clinical presentation for septic arthritis

A

hot red swollen painful joint
refusing to bear weight
stiffness and reduced ROM
fever, lethargy

27
Q

investigations for septic arthritis

A

bloods
blood cultures
xray- joint effusion, bone erosion
joint aspiration - raised wcc, gram stain, culture

28
Q

management for septic arthris

A

BUFALO
consider joint washout

29
Q

septic arthritis vs osteomyelitis

A

septic arthritis - joint infection
osteomyelitis- bone infection

30
Q

what bone is typically affected in osteomyelitis

A

metaphysis of long bones

31
Q

common cuase of osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

32
Q

clinical presentation of osteomyelitis

A

refusing to use limb or weight bear
pain
swelling
tenderness
fever

33
Q

investigations for osteomyelitis

A

xray
blood tests
blood cultures

34
Q

what is torticollis

A

shortening of sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side causing child to rest on one side of their head

35
Q

management for torticollis

A

physio
usually resolves 2-6 months

36
Q

likely cause of torticollis in infants

A

sternomastoid tumour (causing CMT - congenital muscular torticollis)

37
Q

clinical presentation of torticollis in infants

A

mobile non-tender nodule on muscle

restriction of head turning and tilting of head

38
Q

likely causes of torticollis presenting later in childhood

A

muscular spasm
secondary to ENT infection
spinal tumour
cervical spine arthritis

39
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral curvature in the frontal plane of the spine

40
Q

management for scoliosis

A

observation - most dont need treatment
bracing
surgery

41
Q

complications of scoliosis

A

cardioresp failure 1

42
Q

causes of scoliosis

A

idopathuc
congental
secondary to cp, muscular dystrophy ,

Paediatrics (16 decks)

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