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Phase 1 - Anatomy > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What does the distal radius articulate with?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate

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2
Q

Name the carpal bone from lateral to medial

A

1st row :
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

2nd row
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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3
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal?

A

Scaphoid - falling on an outstretched hand

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4
Q

Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand?

A

lateral to pisiform bone
forms superficial palmar arch - gives branches that supply fingers

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5
Q

Why is it important to recognise an anterior dislocation of the lunate?

A

Anterior dislocation can cause compress median nerve

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6
Q

How many metacarpals are there? How are they named?

A

5 metacarpals
1- thumb (lateral)
5 - little finger (medial)

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7
Q

How many phalanges are there? How are they named?

A

3 for each finger
- distal phalanx
- middle
- proximal

2 for thumb
- distal phalanx
- proximal

14 total

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8
Q

How many carpals are there?

A

8 carpals

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9
Q

Carpometacarpal joints description (CMC)

A

Between
- distal row of carpals
- proximal end of metacarpals

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10
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints description (MCP)

A

Between
- heads of metacarpals (distal)
- proximal ends of proximal phalanges

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11
Q

Interphalangeal joints description

A

Between phalanges

2 in fingers
- proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
- distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

1 in thumb
- interphalangeal joint (IPJ)

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12
Q

How many interphalangeal joints are there in each digit?

A

2 in fingers
1 in thumb

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13
Q

Power grip
- description

A

Hold / squeeze tightly

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14
Q

Hook grip?

A

Carry objects with handles

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15
Q

Precision grip
- description
- muscles

A

Hold objects between pads of fingers and thumb
Thenar eminence

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16
Q

Movements of the fingers?

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction

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17
Q

Movements of the thumb?

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Opposition

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18
Q

Extrinsic muscles of hand meaning

A

Muscles in anterior and posterior compartments of forearm
Tendons extend down into hand

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19
Q

Intrinsic muscles of hand meaning

A

Muscles that lies within the hand

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20
Q

Which extrinsic muscles are the prime flexors of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis - inserts on 2nd metacarpal
Flexor carpi ulnaris - onto 5th metacarpal
Palmaris longus - onto palmar fascia

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21
Q

What does flexor carpi radialis insert onto?

A

2 metacarpal (index finger)

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22
Q

What does flexor carpi ulnaris inset onto?

A

5th metacarpal (pinky)

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23
Q

Significance of palmar fascia for gripping

A

keeps skin adherent to fascia - prevents skin from moving around
Makes it suitable for gripping unlike dorsum

24
Q

Position of palmar longus relative to flexor retinaculum

A

superficial

25
Q

What does palmaris longus insert onto?

A

Palmar fascia

26
Q

Which extrinsic muscles flex the digits?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis FDS
Flexor digitorum profundus FDP
Flexor pollicis longus FPL

All pass through carpal tunnel

27
Q

What other movement do the flexors of the wrist provide? Why?

A

Wrist flexion
Because they cross the wrist by passing through the carpal tunnel

28
Q

Flexor digitorum
- inserts onto
- how?
- movement caused

A

Splits into 2 slips - insert on either side of middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

29
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus
- inserts onto
- how?
- movements caused

A

Passes through slit of flexor digitorum superficiales (FDS)
Inserts onto distal phalanx
Flexes
- distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
- proximal interphalangeal joint PIP
- metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)

30
Q

Flexor pollicis longus
- inserts onto
- movement caused

A

Distal phalanx of thumb
Flexion of interphalangeal joint ( IPJ) of thumb
Only muscle that can do so

31
Q

Which muscle(s) flex distal interphalangeal joint of digits?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

32
Q

Which muscles flex proximal interphalangeal joint of digits?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficiales

33
Q

Which muscle(s) flex interphalangeal joint of thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

34
Q

Flexor tendon sheathes
- description
- functions

A

Contain flexor tendons
Fibrous sheath outside
Synovial sheaths inside

  • decrease resistance - allow them to flex easily
  • keep tendons in the midline of the fingers
35
Q

Tenosynovitis description, causes

A

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath
Inflammation due to infection, caused by penetrating injuries

36
Q

Thick palmar aponeurosis function

A

Protects
- long flexor tendons
- tendon sheaths
- vessels of central palm

37
Q

What are the four groups of intrinsic muscles and how many in each group?

A

Thenar eminence - 3
Hypothecate eminence - 3
Lumbricals - 4
Interossei - 7

(+ adductor pollicis - doesn’t belong in a group)

38
Q

How many intrinsic muscle of the hand are there?

A

18 total

39
Q

What are instrinsic muscles innervated by?

A

Medial and ulnar nerves

40
Q

Thenar eminence
- muscles
- location
- movements
- attachment
- innervation
- grip

A
41
Q

‘Brevis’ meaning

A
42
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis
- movement
- insertion
- innervation

A
43
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis
- movement
- insertion
- innervation

A
44
Q

Opponents pollicis
- movement
- insertion
- innervatio

A
45
Q

What is the Thenar eminence affected by clinically?
Why?
Consequences?

A
46
Q

Adductor pollicis
- location
- innervation
- movement
- attachments

A
47
Q

What grip the Thenar eminence important for?

A

Precision grip

Flexed, abducted and rotated at carpometacarpal joint of thumb

48
Q

Hypothenar eminence
- location
- muscles
- movements
- attachments
- innervation
-

A
49
Q

Flexor digiti minimi
- movement
- attachment
- innervation

A
50
Q

Abductor digiti minimi
- movement
- attachment
- innervation

A
51
Q

Opponens digiti minimi
- movement
- attachment
- innervation

A
52
Q

Lumbrical muscles
- number
- derivation
- attachment
- movement
- innervation

A
53
Q

Which muscles do the flexor digitorum profundus tendons give rise to?

A
54
Q

Interossei
- muscles
- location
- groups
-

A
55
Q

Palmar Interossei
- movement
-

A
56
Q

Position of palmar longus relative to flexor retinaculum

A

superficial

57
Q

Radial artery - course

A

Phase 1 - Anatomy (4 decks)

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