MSK Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
what condition causes loss of bone quantity but bone quality is normal
A
osteoporosis
2
Q
osteoporosis is most common in what people
A
post menopausal women - due to lack of estrogen
3
Q
senile type of osteoporosis is caused by what
more common in what people
A
lack of growth hormone
men
4
Q
most common cause of osteoporosis is what
A
lack of estrogen - seen in post menopausal women
5
Q
what condition causes loss of bone quality with softening of the bone
A
osteomalacia
6
Q
osteomalacia is caused by what in adults
A
lack of vitamin D
7
Q
what is seen on osteomalacia xrays
A
loosers zone
8
Q
what condition causes loss of bone quality
A
rickets
9
Q
rickets is caused by what in kids
A
lack of vitamin D
10
Q
bow legs and rachitic rosary or swollen costochondral joints is seen in what condition
A
rickets
11
Q
osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by what
A
hyperparathyroidism
12
Q
brown or hemosiderin cysts are caused by what condition
A
osteitis fibrosa cystica
13
Q
pagets disease is also called what
A
osteitis deformans
14
Q
pagets disease can be associated with what viral infection
A
paramyxovirus
15
Q
older people that have thickening of bones is caused by what
A
pagets disease
16
Q
achondroplasia is what type of disease
A
autosomal dominant
17
Q
short limbs with normal head and neck is seen in what condition
A
achondroplasia
18
Q
what is a neuropahtic joint disease
A
charcot joint
19
Q
charcot joint destruction is caused by what
A
neuropathy - loss of pain
20
Q
charcots joint is caused by what
A
tabes dorsalis
diabetes mellitus
syringomyelia
leprosy
21
Q
osteogenesis imperfecta is what type of disease
A
autosomal dominant
22
Q
what disease is also called brittle bone disease
A
osteogenesis imperfecta
23
Q
what disease is caused by defective collagen synthesis
A
osteogenesis imperfecta
24
Q
blue sclera is seen in what disease
A
osteogenesis imperfecta
25
what is a blood borne bone infection called
osteomyelitis
26
what is most common cause of osteomyelitis
most common cause in sickle cell disease
most common cause among IV drug users
Mc - staph aureus
sickle cell disease - salmonella
IV drug users - pseudomonas
27
what condition is caused by bone outgrowth known as exostosis
osteochondroma
28
what is the most common benign tumor in the hand
enchrondroma
29
what disease consists of multiple enchrondromas
olliers disease
enchrondromas - benign tumors in the hand
30
what is a dense mature bone island in the skull or spine
osteoma
31
what is a benign metaphyseal bone tumor extending into the epiphysis
giant cell tumor
32
what condition has a eccentric soap bubble apearence extending in the diaphysis into the metaphysis
aneurysmal bone cyst
33
what is the most common primary bone cancer in adults older than 50
multiple myeloma
34
what causes nocturnal bone pain, recurrent infections and hypercalcemia
multiple myeloma
35
what are seen on an xray of multiple myeloma patient
punched out lesions
36
what causes an M spike on serum electrophoresis
elevated IgG
seen in multiple myeloma
37
bence jones proteins are what kind of proteins
light chains of IgG
seen in multiple myeloma
38
what is the second most common malignant bone tumor
osteosarcoma
39
what is the most common primary bone cancer in teenagers
osteosarcoma
40
osteosarcoma can be seen in patients with what disease
pagets disease
41
what is seen on an osteosarcoma patient xray
codmans triangle
42
what is the third most common malignant bone tumor
chondrosarcoma
43
what malignant bone tumor mimicks osteomyelitis
ewings sarcoma
44
what is seen on ewings sarcoma xray
onion skin appearance
45
what are the seropositive arthritities
RA and SLE
seropositive = RF +
46
what is autoimmune disease that affects small joints bilaterally
RA
47
HLA DR4 is seen in what
RA
48
rheumatic factor is what kind of antibody
IgG antibody
49
pannus formation and inflamed granulation tissue is seen in what condition
RA
50
what are the joint deformities of RA
```
swan neck
boutonneire
ulnar deviation of fingers
haygarths nodes - MCP
bouchards nodes - PIP
```
51
RA spares what joint
DIPS
52
bouchards nodes are seen in what conditions
RA and OA
53
what is stills disease also called
juvenile RA
54
what disease affects small and medium joints and causes lymhadenopathy and splenomegaly in children and teens
stills disease
aka juvenile RA
55
splenomegaly and neutropenia that is seen in RA patients is called what
felty syndrome
56
what is an autoimmune disease that has anti nuclear antibodies and anti ds DNA antibodies
SLE
57
SLE is most common in what people
young black females
58
SLE affects what organ systems
joints - polyarthrtitis
skin - butterfly or malar rash and photosensitivity
kidney - nephrotic syndrome
heart - libman sacks endocarditis
59
what disease has xeropthalmia, xerostomia, and arthritis
sjorgens disease
60
sjorgens disease may be seen in what other conditions
RA and scleroderma
61
sjorgens disease is most common in what people
women
62
what disease contains antibodies to ribonucleoproteins - SSA and SSB
sjorgens disease
63
what are the seronegetive arthritidies
reiters syndrome, psoriatic arhtirits, AS, enteropathic arthritis, and beckets
64
seronegative arthridities contain what in the blood
what is not positive
+ HLA-B27
RF -
65
what are the HLA-B27 + arthritis
```
PAIR
psoriatic
AS
IBD (enteropathic)
reiters syndrome
```
66
what causes polyarthritis with silvery scales, pitted nails, and dactylitis (sausage fingers)
psoriatic
67
psoriatic arthritis has silvery scales that appear on what surface of the skin
extensor surface
68
ankylosing spondylitis is also called
marier strumpells disease
69
what cause bamboo spine, bilateral sacroilitis, and low back pain
AS
70
what causes enteropathic arthritis
IBD - specificallly ulcerative colitis
71
what is reiters syndrome characterized by
cant pee cant see cant dance
urethritis
conjunctivits
arthritis - heel pain
72
reiters syndrome is caused by what organims
chlamydia
| shigella
73
OA is a degenerative joint disease that affects what joints
weight bearing joints
knees, hips, spine
74
what does OA cause
subchondral slcerosis
osteophytes
herberden nodes
bouchard nodes
75
herberden nodes are found in what condition
where
in what people most common
herberden - DIPs
only in OA
females
76
bouchards nodes are found in what condition
where
bouchards - PIPs
OA and RA
77
gout is also called what when it affects specific locations
podagra - foot
gonagra - knee
78
gout is most common in who
men
79
what condition is associated with purine rich foods
gout
80
what competes with the same excretion site in the kidney as uric acid
alcohol
81
what is the difference between acute gout and chronic gout
acute - sudden onset of 1st MTP joint
chronic - characterized as tophi
- accumulation of uric acid crystals in the ear and skin over joints
82
what are needle shaped negative bifringement cystals with polarized light
uric acid cystrals
83
gout should not be confused with what
what causes this
pseudo gout
calcium pyrophosphate dyhydrate deposition disease
CPPD
84
what are characteristics of pseudo gout
affects knees, shoulders, wrist
causes linear calcification in cartilage
deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals
85
what are rhomboid shaped positive bifringement crystals with polarized light
CPPD
86
what is difference of uric acid and CPPD crystals
shape and color
uric acid - needle shaped negative crystals - yellow
CPPD - rhomboid shaped positive crystals - blue
87
what causes periarticular disorder that is transmitted by lxodes scapularis
lyme disease
88
what transmits lyme diseease
deer tick - lxodes scapularis
89
what causes myasthenia gravis
ACH antibodies
90
what is the major peaks of myasthenia gravis
1st peak - 30 year old females
| 2nd peak - 60 year old males
91
what test is positive for myasthenia gravis
tensilon test
injection of edrophonium chloride
92
80% of females myasthenia gravis have what kind of pathology
thymic
85% thymic hyperplasia
15% thymic tumor
93
myasthenia gravis may be confused with what
eaton lambert syndrome
94
lambert eaton syndrome is caused by what
auto antibodies to presynaptic calcium channels in the NMJ that prevent ACH release from vesicles
95
lambert eaton syndrome is seen in what cancer
small cell (oat) lung cancer
96
lambert eaton syndrome is seen in what population
older males
97
what is difference between myasthenia gravis and lambert eaton syndrome
tests?
myasthenia gravis - blocks ACH receptors
- tensilon test +
- gets worse with repetitive use
lambert eaton syndrome - prevents ACH release
- tensilon test -
- gets better with repetitive use
98
what is an autoimmune condition that is more common in females that is associated with a helioptrophe rash and gottrons papules
dermatomyositis
99
what causes a reddish purple eyelids and papules on the knuckles of the hands
heliotrophe rash and gottrons papules
seen in dermatomyositis
100
what disease produces anti nuclear antibodies and anto Jo 1 antibodies
dermatomyositis
101
10% of dermatomyositis is associated with what
malignancy of lung, breast, gut, ovary
102
duchennes muscular dystrophy is genetically transmitted how
sex linked recessive
103
what disease is caused by absence of dystrophin
duchennes
104
a male with weak muscles that are infiltrated by fat and connective tissue is caused by what
duchennes muscular dystrophy
| pseudohypertrophic calves
105
how do males with duchennes muscular dystrophy die
cardiorespiratory failure
death by 20
106
beckers muscular dystrophy is genetically transmitted how
sex linked recessive
107
what is the cause of becker muscular dystrophy
inadequate amounts of dystrophin
108
difference between duchennes and becker muscular dystrophy
duchennes - absence of dystrophin
- death at 20
beckers - inadequate amount of dystrophin
- death at 40
109
what disease isnt as sever as duchennes dystrophy
beckers
110
what causes progressive hereditary nerve damage that causes peroneal muscular wasting
charcot marie tooth diseae
111
charcot marie tooth disease patients are unable to do what function
evert the foot
peroneal muscular wasting due to hereditary nerve damage
112
what is characterized by displacement of epiphysis of the head of the femur
more common in who
what type of fracture associated with this
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
overweight children and teens
salter harris type 1
113
what is characterized by iscemia and avascular necrosis of the head of the femur
more common in who
legg calve perthes disease
young boys
114
what is it called when death of bone tissue is due to disrupted blood supply
avascular necrosis
115
avacular necrosis is seen in what bones
femoral head
| scaphoid
116
avascular necrosis is associated with what conditions
```
STARS
sickle cell
trauma
alcoholism
radiation
steroids
```
117
older females of 50 years of older with pain and stiffness in the shoulders and hips is due to what
polymyalgia rheumatica
118
polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with what other disease
temporal arteritis
119
what is elevated in polymyalgia rheumatica
high increase in ESR
120
polymyalgia rheumatica may lead to what condition
blindness (temporal arteritis)
