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Year 2- Anatomy > MSK Lower Limb > Flashcards

MSK Lower Limb Flashcards

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1
Q

Which muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas
Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus

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2
Q

Which two muscles make up the ialipsoa?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

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3
Q

Which four muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris

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4
Q

What is the innervation for all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2-4

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6
Q

Actions of iliopsoas?

A

Flexion of thigh at hip joint

->unlike other anterior thigh muscles, the iliopsoas does not perform extension at the knee joint

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7
Q

I know I just said the anterior thigh muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve and majority are!
But what is the psoas major innervated by?

A

Anterior rami of L1-3

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8
Q

The quadricep muscles mostly have the same action.
What is the collective action of the vastus lateralis. intermedius and medialis and the rectus femoris?

A

Extension of knee joint
Secondary function of stabilising patella

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9
Q

What is the additional action of the rectus femoris?

A

Flexion of hip joint

->only quad muscle which crosses both hip and knee

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10
Q

Longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

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11
Q

Actions of sartorius?

A

Flexor at hip and knee
Also abductor and lateral rotator at hip

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12
Q

Actions of pectineus?

A

Adduction and flexion at hip joint

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13
Q

The muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh are also known as what?

A

The adductors

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14
Q

Which muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the adductor muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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16
Q

Which muscle is the largest in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor magnus

->comes from, the name

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17
Q

There are two parts to the adductor magnus muscle. What are the two components?

A

Adductor component
Hamstring component

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18
Q

There is different innervations for the adductor and hamstring component of the adductor magnus muscle.
What is the innervation for the adductor component?

A

Obturator nerve

->this make sense as the adductors are supplied by the obturator so makes sense for the adductor component to be too

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19
Q

There is different innervations for the adductor and hamstring component of the adductor magnus muscle.
What is the innervation for the hamstring component?

A

Tibial component of sciatic nerve

->again, matches the innervation of hamstrings

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20
Q

Action of adductor component of adductor magnus in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduction and flexion of thigh

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21
Q

Action of hamstring component of adductor magnus in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduction and extension of hip

->again makes sense as hamstrings are posterior and have a role in extension

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22
Q

Function of adductor longus?

A

Adduction of thigh

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23
Q

Function of adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of thigh

->well isn’t that a surprise

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24
Q

Action of obturator externus?

A

Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh

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25
Action of gracilis?
Adduction of thigh Flexion of leg at knee
26
And just to make sure it's sunk in- what is the innervation of the adductor compartment muscles?
Obturator muscle
27
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Biceps femoris Semitendonous Semimembranous aka hamstrings
28
The biceps femoris has two heads. Which is considered a part of the hamstrings?
Long head
29
Action of biceps femoris?
Flexion at knee Extension at hip Lateral rotation at hip and knee
30
Action of semitendonous muscle?
Flexion of leg at knee Extension of thigh at hip Medial rotation at hip and knee
31
Action of semimembranous?
Flexion of leg at knee Extension of thigh at hip Medial rotation at hip and knee ->so both of the semi muscles have a role is medial rotation at hip and knee (maybe think m=m)
32
Okay, so the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh differs a bit. What is the innervation of the long head of the hamstrings aka long head of biceps femoris, semitendonous and semimembranous?
Tibial part of the sciatic nerve
33
What is the innervation of the short head of the biceps femoris?
Common fibular part of sciatic nerve
34
Which of the hamstrings sits deeper than the others?
Semimembranous sits under semitendonous
35
Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius ->wee bit more confusing cos usually the extensors are in the posterior compartment but switches for the leg ig
36
Innervation of all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
37
Action of tibialis anterior, one of the anterior leg muscles?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
38
Action of extensor digitorum longus, one of the anterior leg muscles?
Extension of lateral four toes Dorsiflexion of foot
39
Action of extensor hallucis longus, one of the anterior leg muscles?
Extension of great toe Dorsiflexion of foot ->basically, common action for anterior compartment is dorsiflexion of foot and each muscle has another function
40
Action of fibular tertius, one of the anterior leg muscles?
Eversion of foot Dorsiflexion of foot
41
Nerve roots of deep fibular nerve?
L4-S2
42
Name the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis
43
What are the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg innervated by?
Superficial fibular nerve
44
What is another name for the fibular nerve?
Peroneal nerve
45
Action of fibularis longus?
Eversion of foot Plantarflexion of foot
46
Action of fibularis brevis?
Eversion of foot
47
There are two layers of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg- superficial and deep. Name the three superficial posterior leg muscles.
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
48
What is the innervation for all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg- superficial and deep?
Tibial nerve
49
What is the action of the gastrocnemius, one of the superficial posterior compartment muscles in the leg?
Plantarflexion at ankle Flexion at knee
50
What is the action of the soleus, one of the superficial posterior compartment muscles in the leg?
Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle
51
What is the action of the plantaris, one of the superficial posterior compartment muscles in the leg?
Plantarflexion at ankle Flexion at knee
52
Which muscle sits superficial to the soleus?
Gastrocnemius
53
Name the four muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg.
Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallicus longus Tibialis posterior
54
As mentioned before, what will be the innervation for these deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
55
Action of popliteus?
Unlocks knee joint basically to flexion can occur by laterally rotating femur
56
Action of the flexor digitorum longus?
Flexion of lateral four toes
57
Action of flexor hallicus longus?
Flexion of great toe
58
Action of tibialis posterior?
Inversion and plantarflexion of foot
59
Muscles of the foot, like the hand, can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. We have already discussed the extrinsic muscles as they arise from the anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of the leg. What are the two intrinsic muscles located within the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis brevis
60
What is the innervation for the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?
Deep fibular nerve ->remember, can also be known as the peroneal nerve
61
Action of the extensor digitorum brevis in the dorsum of the foot?
Extension of lateral four toes
62
Action of the extensor hallucis brevis in the dorsum of the foot?
Extension of great toe
63
Okay, in the plantar aspect of the foot, there are ten muscles divided into four layers from superficial to deep. Name the three muscles in the first layer (most superficial).
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorim brevis Abductor digit minimi
64
Innervation of abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar nerve
65
Action of abductor hallucis?
Abduction and flexion of great toe
66
Innervation of flexor digitorum brevis?
Flexion of lateral four toes at PIP joints
67
Innervation of abductor digit minimi?
Lateral plantar nerve
68
Action of abductor digiti minimi?
Abduction and flexion of little toe
69
Name the two muscles in the second layer of the plantar aspect of the foot.
Quadratus plantae Lumbricals
70
Innervation of quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve
71
Action of quadratus plantae?
Assists in flexion of lateral four toes ->assists flexor digitorum longus
72
Innervation of lumbricals of foot?
Medial lumbrical = medial plantar nerve Lateral lumbricals= lateral plantar nerve
73
Action of the lumbricals of the foot?
Flexion at MTP joints Extension at IP joints
74
Name the three muscles in the third layer of the foot
Flexor hallicus brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis ->btw with the muscles of the foot, they are pretty dificult to identify on the specimens we have so idk how much they will ask
75
Innervation of adductor hallucis of the foot?
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
76
Innervation of flexor hallucis brevis of foot?
Medial plantar nerve
77
Innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis of foot?
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
78
Action of flexor hallucis brevis of foot?
Flexion of great toe at MTP joint
79
Action of adductor hallucis of foot?
Adduction of great toe
80
Action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis of the foot?
Flexion of little toe at MTP joint
81
Name the two muscles in the fourth layer of the plantar foot (deep layer).
Dorsal and plantar interossei
82
Innervation of the plantar interossei of the foot?
Lateral plantar nerve
83
Innervation of the dorsal interossei of the foot?
Lateral plantar nerve
84
Action of the plantar interossei of the foot?
Adduction of lateral three digits (PAD) Flexion at MTP joints
85
Action of the dorsal interossei of the foot?
Abduction (DAB) of lateral four digits Flexion at MTP joints
86

Year 2- Anatomy (14 decks)

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