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Year 2- Anatomy > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

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1
Q

In which week of human development does the primordial gut tube develop?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

What is the primordial gut tube derived from?

A

From the endoderm lining the yolk sac

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3
Q

Which structures make up the midgut?

A

Lower resp. system
Primordial pharynx and it’s derivatives
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
Biliary apparatus

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4
Q

What makes up the biliary apparatus?

A

Hepatic ducts
Gall bladder
Bile duct

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5
Q

What is the artery for the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage for the foregut?

A

Celiac lymph nodes

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7
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm

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8
Q

Name the three constrictions of the oesophagus.

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal

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9
Q

Name the four parts of the stomach.

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric

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10
Q

What is the fundus usually filled with?

A

Gas

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11
Q

What is meant by sphincter?

A

Thickening of muscle which can constrict and open to allow substances through the body.

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12
Q

What is the role of the Pyloric Sphincter?

A

Controls the discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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13
Q

Which structures make up the stomach bed?

A

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon

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14
Q

What is the function of biliary ducts?

A

Carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder

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15
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

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16
Q

Where is bile stored and concentrated?

A

Gall bladder

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17
Q

How much bile can the gallbladder store?

A

50ml

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18
Q

Which artery feeds the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery

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19
Q

Where does the cystic artery lie?

A

In the Triangle of Calot (between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver)

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20
Q

Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?

A

Both

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21
Q

What does the pancreas release excorinely?

A

Pancreatic juices

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22
Q

What does the pancreas release endorinely?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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23
Q

Where is the portal vein formed?

A

Behind the neck of the pancreas

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24
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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25
Where does the hepatic artery supply?
Gallbladder and liver
26
Where does the left gastric artery run along?
Lesser curvature of the stomach
27
Where does the splenic artery run along?
Along the superior margin of the pancreas
28
What's the spinal cord value for the origin of the celiac trunk?
T12
29
What are the structures of the midgut?
Small intestine including most of the duodenum Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Right 2/3 of transverse colon
30
What is the shortest and widest part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
31
What does the second part of the duodenum receive?
Bile duct Pancreatic duct
32
What is a duodenal ulcer?
Inflammatory erosions of the duodenum wall.
33
Which part of the duodenum is most commonly affected by duodenal ulcers?
The first part
34
Which is darker in colour- the jejunum or ileum?
Jejunum
35
Which is longer- the jejunum or ileum?
Jejunum
36
Which has more fat in mesentery- the jejunum or ileum?
Ileum
37
Which is thinner- the jejunum or ileum?
Ileum
38
Which has greater vascularity- the jejunum or ileum?
Jejunum
39
Which has more lymphoid nodules- the jejunum or ileum?
Ileum
40
Compare the loops of the jejunum and ileum.
Jejunum- few large loops Ileum- many short loops
41
Which artery is the supply for the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
42
What is the origin for the superior mesenteric artery?
Branch of the abdominal aorta at L1
43
Name the two main branches of the superior mesenteric artery.
Jejunum artery Ileum artery
44
What are the structures of the hindgut?
Left one-third of transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Upper part of anal canal
45
What is the artery which supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
46
Name three features of the large intestine which can help to differentiate it from the small intestine.
Omental appedices – small, fatty, peritoneal like projections Haustra or sacculations Teniae coli – Thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)
47
Name the site where there would be most pain present in a patient presenting with acute appendicitis.
MacBurneys Point
48
Where is the appendix found?
Can differ but most commonly found retrocecal (behind the cecal)
49
What in the spinal level for the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?
L3
50
What is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Superior rectal artery
51
Name three branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.
Left colic Sigmoid arteries Superior renal artery
52
Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation for the abdominal organs?
Vagus nerve Pelvic splanchnic nerves
53
Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation for the abdominal organs?
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia Abdominal aortic plexus
54
What are the spinal levels for pelvic splanchnic nerves?
S2-4
55
Name three subdivions for abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Greater Lesser Least
56
What is the spinal level for the greater abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?
T5-9
57
What is the spinal level for the lesser abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?
T10-11
58
What is the spinal level for the least abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?
T12
59
What is the role of the portal vein?
Transports venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and abdominal part of the GIT
60
Which two veins join to form the portal vein?
Splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein
61
Which duct receives most of the lymphatic draining from the abdominal walls and organs?
Thoracic duct
61
Where would you find the portal vein?
Behind the neck of the pancreas, about L2
62
Name the three terminal groups of lumbar nodes.
Pre-aortic Lateral-aortic Recto-aortic
63
What does the pre-aortic lumbar nodes drain?
Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of the aorta
64
What does the lateral-aortic lumbar nodes drain?
Drains organs supplied by the lateral aortic branches
65
What does the recto-aortic lumbar nodes drain?
Drains the posterior abdominal wall
66

Year 2- Anatomy (14 decks)

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