MSK Workbook 2 Lower Limb

Question 1

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis

Answer 1

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 2

Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum

Answer 2

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 3

Name the 4 muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

Question 4

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus

Answer 4

L5, S1, S2

Question 5

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Medius

Answer 5

L4,L5,S1

Question 6

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus

Answer 6

L4,L5,S1

Question 7

What is the innervation of the Tensor fascia lata

Answer 7

L4,L5

Question 8

What are the actions of gluteus Maximus muscles

Answer 8

Extends and laterally rotates

Question 9

What is the action of the gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae

Answer 9

Abducts and medial rotates hip

Question 10

What 2 muscles attach to the iliotibial band (tract)

Answer 10

Gluteus Maximus

Tensor fascia lata

Question 11

The sacral plexus lies on which muscle

Answer 11

Piriforms Muscle

Question 12

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami if the spinal nerves___

Answer 12

L4, L5 and S1-S4

Question 13

What are the 2 main branches of the sacral plexus

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve- lower limb

Pudendal nerve- perineum

Question 14

What are the root values of the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 14

L4-S1

Question 15

What are the root values of the inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 15

L5-S2

Question 16

Name the muscles supplied by the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 16

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

Question 17

Name the muscle supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 17

Gluteus maximus

Question 18

What are the root values of the sciatic nerve

Answer 18

L4 to S3

Question 19

The sciatic nerve passes distally and divides at the popliteal fossa into the ___ and ___

Answer 19

Tibial nerve and common perineal nerve

Question 20

What is the most lateral muscle of the hamstrings

Answer 20

Biceps femoris

Question 21

Name the muscles of the hamstring

Answer 21

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris

Question 22

What is the action of the hamstring muscles on the hip and knee joint

Answer 22

Hip- extend

Knee- Flex

Question 23

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 23

Sciatic nerve

Question 24

Which branch of the femoral artery contributes to the Posterior muscle compartment blood supply

Answer 24

Profunda femoris artery

Question 25

What type of joint is the knee joint

Answer 25

Synovial hinge joint

Question 26

Which is the most important muscle which helps to stabilise the knee joint?

Answer 26

Hamstring

Question 27

Name the 4 ligaments of the knee

Answer 27

Medial Collateral Ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Question 28

Why is the attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important

Answer 28

The medial meniscus is more commonly injured because it is firmly attached to the MCL

Question 29

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent

Answer 29

Prevents femur sliding anterior on the tibia

Question 30

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent

Answer 30

Prevents femur sliding posterior on the tibia

Question 31

What is the function of the popliteal muscle

Answer 31

Rotates femur laterally on the tibia

Question 32

What are the main functions of the menisci

Answer 32

Spread the load of the body's weight

Question 33

Which meniscus firmly adheres to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament

Answer 33

The deep medial meniscus

Question 34

What type of bone is the patellar

Answer 34

Sesamoid bone

Question 35

Which movement of the knee causes the patella to move

Answer 35

Extension

Question 36

Name the 4 bursae around the knee

Answer 36

Suprapatellar Infrapatella Subcutaneous infra patella Subcutaneous prepatellar

Question 37

Which bursa communicates t=with the articular cavity of the knee joint

Answer 37

Suprapatellar

Question 38

What is the clinical significance of the suprapatellar bursa communicating with the articular cavity

Answer 38

Prevents impingement of the synovial membrane between the patella and femur

Question 39

What is housemaid's knee

Answer 39

Inflammation of the bursa in the front of the kneecap

Question 40

What muscles are involved in knee flexion

Answer 40

``` Hamstring: Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Sartorius Gracillis ```

Question 41

What muscles are responsible for knee extension

Answer 41

``` Quadriceps: Vastus Intermedius Vastus lateralis Vastus Medialis Rectus Femoris ```