MST1101

Question 1

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer 1

The ability of an organism to produce different phenotypes under different environmental conditions throughout its ontogeny.

Question 2

Define isogamous.

Answer 2

Isogamous - male and female gametes with similar morphology

Question 3

Define anisogamous.

Answer 3

Anisogamous - male and female gametes with different morphology

Question 4

Define oogamous

Answer 4

Oogamous - male and female gametes of different size

Question 5

Define life cycle.

Answer 5

The cytological and morphological sequence of events involved in sexual reproduction

Question 6

Define life history

Answer 6

The sum of an organism’s adaptations - physiological, ecological, growth and development - to survival and reproduction

Question 7

define heterotrophy

Answer 7

heterotrophy: energy from consuming other organisms or their by-products

Question 8

Define mixotrophy

Answer 8

mixotrophy: combination of autotrophy and heterotrophy (especially common in the dinoflagellates.)

Question 9

Define Cytochrome

Answer 9

Cytochrome: proteins containing

heme group

Question 10

Define Ferrodoxin

Answer 10

Ferrodoxin: iron containing protein.

Transfers e- by cycling between Fe3+

and Fe2+ states.

Question 11

Define NADP reductase

Answer 11

NADP+ reductase: enzyme

catalysing e- transfer from ferredoxin

to NADP+.

Question 12

Pallium

Answer 12

Pallium: a sheetlike extension of the cytoplasm, also known as a feeding veil, that is produced by some phagotrophic dinoflagellates for the purpose of capturing and

digesting prey.

Question 13

Allochthans

Answer 13

sub populations of zooplankton that can survive but are not reproductively active, out of water masses

Question 14

Authochthanous

Answer 14

zooplankton which are self sustaining and breeding

Question 15

Define protozooplankton

Answer 15

Protozooplankton – broad definition of those heterotrophic

and non-photosynthetic organisms < 200 μm.

Question 16

define mesozooplankton

Answer 16

Mesozooplankton: a grouping of “smaller” zooplankton – definition driven by plankton mesh size

Question 17

What is a schizpont in foraminifera?

Answer 17

Schizont = mature individual about to reproduce

Gamont = schizont

Question 18

ecology

Answer 18

Ecology - study of how organisms live and interact with their environment

Question 19

Enviroment

Answer 19

Environment - includes biological, chemical and physical features

Question 20

habitat

Answer 20

Habitat - place where an organism lives (NB: difficult to define)

Question 21

Niche

Answer 21

Niche - precise way in which a species fits into its environment

Question 22

Ecological community

Answer 22

Ecological community - assemblage of plants, animals and microbes that occur together in a particular geographic area

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

Population - all individuals of a given species within a community

Question 24

Ecosystem - community of organisms and their physical environment

Answer 24

Ecosystem

Question 25

Ecological community -

Answer 25

Ecological community - Assemblage of plants, animals and microbes that occur together in a particular geographic area

Question 26

population

Answer 26

Population - all individuals of a given species within a community

Question 27

Ecosystem

Answer 27

Ecosystem - community of organisms and their physical environment

Question 28

Diadromous

Answer 28

Diadromous species divide their lives between open sea and freshwater

Question 29

anadromous

Answer 29

Anadromous - adult life spent in open ocean, but breeds in freshwater eg. Salmon

Question 30

Catadromous

Answer 30

Catadromous - spends most of adult life in estuarine or freshwater but breeds at sea e.g European eel

Question 31

Pleuston and neuston

Answer 31

Pleuston float on top of the water and are propelled by the wind such as the Portuguese Man of War and Neuston inhibit the surface layer.

Question 32

Define a lagoon

Answer 32

‘isolated or semi-isolated bodies of shallow coastal water that do not receive an appreciable input of freshwater’

Question 33

Dune slopes

Answer 33

Windward face - sand is transported up the windward face Slip face - Creates a wind shadow, so you get less sand transportation. Usually have an angle of about 34 degrees, due to the way the wind moves the sand particles. It is therefore usually steeper than the windward face. Dune advance - Highly variable. Dunes may advance between 1 and 10 m a year depending on dunes height, wind regime.

Question 34

heterotrophy

Answer 34

- heterotrophy: energy from consuming other organisms or their by-products

Question 35

mixotropy

Answer 35

mixotrophy: combination of autotrophy and heterotrophy (especially common in the dinoflagellates.)

Question 36

chemosynthesis

Answer 36

so4 2- + 2(ch20) to s2- +2co2 +2h20 S2 CO2 + o2 O so42- ch2o