MST1103 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is Dalton’s law?
Dalton’s Law:
Total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases
Ptot = p1 + p2 + … + pn
The partial pressure of a gas is the hypothetical pressure if the gas were to occupy the same volume at the same temperature all by itself.
Whats henrys law?
Henry’s Law:
The solubility of a gas in seawater is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in the overlying atmsphere
pgas = H cgas
For example:
- Increase pgas 2-fold
- cgas increases 2-fold
Applications: Carbonated drinks
‘Bends’
Definititon non-renewable resource.
Non-Renewable
Non—renewable natural resources are exhaustible natural resources such as mineral resources that cannot be regenerated after exploitation (Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997).
Define physical heterogeneity
Physical Heterogeneity, e.g. density layers, eddies, small-scale random water flow, shear sheets, and similar fluid mechanical phenomena
Define chemical heterogeneity
Chemical Heterogeneity, e.g. clouds of chemicals, pheromones, metabolic by-products with low diffusion rates, and similar chemical phenomena
Define visual heterogeneity
Visual Heterogeneity, e.g. bio-luminescence, light signaling, unequal distribution of light, and similar visual phenomena
describe the budget concept
Steady state = is when the rate of addition is equal to the rate of removal (sources and sinks are in balance)
Residence time is the ratio of the reservoir size divided by rate of addition (source) or by rate of removal (sink)
Residence times useful for looking at the time-scales of turnover in reservoirs
describe the CCD
The Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD)
Carbonate Compensation Depth, refers to the specific depth of the ocean at which calcium carbonate minerals dissolve in the water quicker than they can accumulate.
Lysocline - depth at which calcite starts to dissolve (seawater is under saturated in calcite below lysocline)
CCD - depth at which sedimentation rate (supply) equals dissolution rate - typically 4000 m to 5000 m
Define seawater salinity
Seawater salinity is defined as the total amount of all the major ions in a sample of seawater, defined by its mass, and reported as a mass ratio of grams of major ions per 1 kg of seawater, e.g. Salinity S = 34.482 g kg-1. (a ratio of grams to kilograms). Today it is quoted as a unitless fraction.
Describe corriolis accelerations.
The Coriolis force in a rotating reference frame is at right angles to the velocity and is proportional to (a) twice the angular velocity of the frame and (b) the instantaneous velocity of the object in the rotating frame.
Define viscosity
measure of resistance of a fluid to being deformed
define inertia
resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion
