MT - Flatworms - Pictures Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
A
Fasciola Hepatica = Common Liver fluke
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Fasciola Hepatica
ventral side
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Eggs
Liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica)
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Eggs
Liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica)
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Miracidium (inside egg)
Fasciola Hepatica
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Miracidium of fasciola hepatica (able to swim in the water, because its cilliated)
(Slide)
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Intermediate host of Fasciola Hepatica
(one intermediate host)
GALBA TRUNCULATA
+ Other pulmonate fresh water snails
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Sporocyst (not like a real cyst) with redia inside.
Fasciola Hepatica
9
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Sporocyst
Fasciola Hepatica
(with redia inside)
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Redia
Fasciola Hepatica
11
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Redia
Fasciola Hepatica
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Cercaria
Fasciola Hepatica
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Metacercaria
F.Hepatica
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Metacercaria
F.Hepatica
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Metacercaria
F.Hepatica
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Adult flukes (f.Hepatica)
Dorsal side with intestinal branches
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Liver fluke in the billiary ducts (and liver tissuue)
F.Hepatica
MIDTERM!!
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Necroscopic findings of F.Hepatica
Adult flukes in the bile duct
Young flukes are whiteish –> Adult darker grey ish
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Necroscopic finding F.Hepatica
- Enlarged liver
- Blood filled tunnels in the parenchymal cross section of the liver.
- Oedema can be seen
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Enlarged liver of the cattle
F.Hepatica
Fluid filled tunnels
Flukes can cause liver obstruction in the tunnels.
21
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Dilated bile ducts and thickend wall.
F. Hepatica
After treatment. the affected area can be fibrotic (necrotic).(but regeneration in liver is possible - Causing some signs in the liver enzyme levels)
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Acute form of F.Hepatica in the liver
Oedema
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F.Hepatica
Flukes filled up the billiary bile duct.
With bloody tunnels
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Liver fluke in billiary bile duct
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SLIDES from class
Fasciola miracides magna
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Miracidium
(larva stage, with cilliated surface, but maybe not on a not fresh slide)
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Redia
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Sporocyst with redia inside
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Cercaria
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FURCOCERCARIA
Schistosomatidosis (blood fluke)
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Metacercaria
Doubble walled making it resistant to the environment!!
- Outerwll destroyed by the chewing
- Inner wall destroyed by the enzymes
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Egg with the juvenile fluke
* Not so bigg
* Most of the cases more white ish and not so colourfull.
* 2 suckers can be seen.
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Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Adult fluke with genial organs
- Find headpart (conical)
- Suckers
- The organs
- The uterus
- The ovary gland in the beginning
- And the other is the testis in the end.
- Yolk glands at the edges
- Intstinal glands not seen because no blood content and it is mostly our slides are seen on the ventral side(intestinal organs are dorsal).
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HISTOPATH --> Cross section of liver fluke
Check if spikes on it?
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
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Liver fluke egg (sedimentation)
- dark yellow ish/yellow ish
-
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Dicrocoelium Dentriticum = Lancet fluke
Dicrocoeliosis
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Dicrocoelium dendriticum = Lancet flukes
Dicrocoeliosis
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Egg of dicocoelium sp
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1st Intermediate host of Lancet fluke (Dicocoelium)
LAND SNAILS
| (Zebrina species, Cepaea species)
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2nd Intermediate host of Lancet fluke (Dicocoelium)
FORMICA ANTS
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**Metacercaria**
Lancet fluke
Thick wall
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Adult lancet fluke
| Eggs become darker when maturing (posterior part)
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Common liver fluke --> In the middle with conical head.
Lancet fluke --> Smaller around.
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Necroscopy finding after LANCET FLUKE
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Hepatic tissue
Hepatoid cells
Billary ducts, and inside them:
Liver fluke cross section
--> No spikes with the LANCET FLUKE
--> Brown eggs
- Huge amount of branches
| MIDTERM!!
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Dicrocoelium Dendriticum eggs
Lancet fluke eggs
| Lighter one is not mature eggs
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Adult Lancet fluke
To see the body with the suckers and organs
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Histopath cross section of** Lancet fluke**
Filling the billiary duct
No spikes on the surface
Red darked coloured eggs
Big spot in the middle is the testis, but its dependong on the slide on where it is cut
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Rumen fluke
PARAMPHISTOMIDOSIS
* PARAMPHISTOMUM and
* CALICOPHORON species
## Footnote
two species that occur in Europe
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**Egg of rumen fluke**
- Similar to F.Hepatica
- BUT COLOURLESS or Greyish!!
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Adult Rumen fluke
PARAMPHISTUMUM species
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Paramphistumum (Rumen fluke)
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Paramphistomum (rumen fluke)
- With huge ventral acetabulum posteriorly (can easily attach to mucosal layer)
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Necroscopy findings
Duodenum
Juvenile flukes in the mucosa
Catharal and haemorhagic inflamation
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Rumen fluke
- And how hey attach them self to the duodenal mucosa
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Allive rumen flukes (redish)
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Rumen fluke
- In necroscopic findings (greyish/paler pinkish colour)
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Schistomatidosis
BLOOD FLUKE DISEASE
| Not in handout, but two slides
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Schistosoma **Bovis**,
Schistosoma **Turkestanicum**
egg
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FURCOCERCARIA
Schistosomatidosis (Blood fluke)
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Adult blood fluke (Schistosomatidosis)
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Diphyllobothrium Latum Scolex with 2 suckers, elongated
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Unarmed scolex with 4 suckers
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Armed scolex with Rostellum
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Armed scolex with hooks and suckers
| Suckers dont eat, its just to attach them self to surfaces
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Gravid proglottids
| Tapeworm
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Mature proglottidis
With ovary glands at the end of the segments
Between them = The testis
Genital opening at both sides (number and where depend on the species)
| Tape worm
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Immature Proglottidis
| Tape worm
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Scolex
| Tape worm
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Tape worm
| Can easily be separated (fragile)
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Tape worms in the small intestines
| Can reach 5 meter or more (LONG)
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Tenia type eggs
6-hooked oncosphere
| Tape worm
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Tenia type eggs
6-hooked oncosphare
| Tape worm
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Moniezia segment
2 set of genitalia, with 2 diff openings.
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a= Moniezia Benedeni from cattle
b= Moniezia Expansa form sheep
| Gravid segments - only eggs found
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Moniezia Benedeni = right
Moniezia Expansa = left
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Moniezia EXPANSA
| Borderline is scattered
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Moniezia Expansa
Egg
| Triangular w/ six oncosphare fixed with ligaments to the wall of the egg
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Moniezia Benedeni
Egg
| quadrate w/ six oncosphare fixed with ligaments to the wall of the egg
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Soil mites (Box mites)
Intermediate host of Moniezia species
(Tapeworm)
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CYSTICERCOID
Left = in the body cavity of a soil mite.
Right = out from the mite
Moniezia species
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Detection of soilmites (small mites), soil samples taken. Mites avoid alcohol.
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Moniezia
| Looks like pasta
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Anaplocephalia = Equine tape worm
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Egg of ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
| Characteristic = looks like a hoof mark
Inside 6-oncosphere
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Soil mites/Box mite = Intermediate host for Moniezia and anaplocephalides
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ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
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ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
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ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
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DIPYLIDUM CANINUM
in cats and dogs
| FLEA or CUCUMBER TAPE WORM
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Head (scolex) of DIPHYLIDIUM CANINUM
Its armed with rostellum wich can be protruded or pulled back (with hooks)
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(left) Mature segment of Diphyllidum caninum with 2 set of genitalia and 2 genital openings on the both sides.
(Right) Gravid segments
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- Immature segment of DIPHYLIDUM CANINUM
- Gravid segments are longer than broad
-
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Headpart of Diphylidum caninum with rostellum
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Mature segment of diphyllidum caninum
- Overy glends with own opening
- Small dots are testis
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Gravid segment of diphyllidum caninum
- filled with eggs
- Genital organs disapear due to the filling of eggs
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**Empty Gravid segment of Diphylidum caninum**
When proglottids are outside the environment they can move --> amoeboid movemet --> Then they can press out the coccoon,
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Coccoon of Diphyllidum Caninum
= Eggs in a capsule
| (Flea has coccon to)
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Coccoon of diphyllidum caninum with 6 hoocked oncosphare(larva) inside the tenia type of eggs!
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Egg of Diphylidum caninum with 6 hooked oncosphare inside
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Flea larva
- After ingestion of the cocoon --> Lots of 6 coccon inside the eggs.
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6 hooked oncosphare inside the larva
| Diphilidum caninum
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DIPHYLIDUM LATUM
Broad or Fish tape worm
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DIPHYLIDUM LATUM
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DIPHYLIDUM LATUM
Uterus filled with eggs
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Diphylidum Latum Eggs
- not as yellow as F.Hepatica, more brownish
- Big and heavy = Can use sedimentation
| Not tenia type eggs, but like F.Hepatica
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**1st Intermediate host **of Diphylidum Latum = Tiny freshwater **CRUSTACEANS**
| PROCERCOID will develop in their body
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2nd intermediate host of Diphylidum Latum
= Fresh water fish (salmon)
In predator fish => Plerocercoid (arrow)
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Elongated PROCERCOID
| Diphylidum Latium
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Strobila of tape worm
Brown ish spots in the middle!!
Diphylidum Latum (Broad tape worm)
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How Diphylidum latum looks in our GI Tract.
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METOCESTOIDES
With both Non-vertebrated and vertebrated host (border between them)
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RAILLIETINA spp
Bird tape worm
Small intestines
Arthropods - intermed host
Genital openings and sexual organs in the middle
Unarmed scolex
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RAILIIETINA spp
Tape worm of birds
In intestines of a chicken
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RAILLIETINA spp
Tape worm of birds
| Looks like a spinal chord
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RAILLIETINA spp
Tape worm of birds
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Tenia type egg = 6 hook oncosphare egg of Bird tape worm (Raillietina spp)
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Other Bird tape worm species
DAVAINEA spp
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Davainea spp egg
- Tenia type egg with 6 hoked oncosphare
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HYMENOLEPSIS SPP
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Summarizing picture
Summarizing picture
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Well developed hooks of the Teania worms of carnivores
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Left: Immature segment,
Middle: Mature segment
Right: Gravid segment
Highligted mature segment where you can see the two lobed ovaries, uterus and testis (small dots)
ALL SPECIES has tenia type eggs, so you cannot differentiate by the eggs --> Gravid segments help! Because of the branches of the uterus.
Segments looks like Diphylidium caninum because they are longer than broad. (But Diphylidum caninum has cocoon inside)
Structure of the **genital opening** can be distinguished by the naked eye!
| Right pic -->Segment is shedd from the final host - reprod in final host
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Canine Taenia worm with well developed rostellum with hooks making it easier for them to attach to the intestinal wall!
Found usually in the SMALL INTESTINES (remmember)
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Taenia type segments with the special arangement of the genital openings.
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Taenia worm segments
Immature, Mature, Gravid
GRAVID = They become longer
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Strobila of taenia species in the small intestinal tract.
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How you can differentiate by the different branch of the uterus in the different gravid segment
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**Taenia type of egg
**- Thick shell
- Brown
- 6 hook oncosphare (1st larva stage)
| MIDTERM
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Taenia type of egg
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Cysticergoid of Taenia worm
Can be found in box mites (as Moniezia, Diphylidium caninum, Anaplocephalides)
- Scolex part is invaginated
- No fluid in it
- Can also be protuding instead of invaginated
- Hooks can be found
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Cysticercus (taenia worm) = Bladder worm
- Can be found in taenia species
- Same structure as the Cysticercoid (scolex invaginated or out)
- But it has FLUID!
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Strobilacercus
- Taenia Taeniformis
- Exeption --> Segmentation on the scolex
- Larva stages show how the adults will look like
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Cysticerci Pissiformis
In rabbits
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Cysticercus Pisiformis migrating in the liver.
Blood filled tunnels
Remmember --> (Juvenile common liver fluke also migrates in the liver if you dont know that its a rabit)
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**Cysts** are seen in the Liver and no dilated bilary ducts.
= Not F.Hepatica, but **Custicercus Pisiformis**
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Cysticercus Pisiformis
Cysts in the liver
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Chronic form of cysticercus pisiformis
--> Fibrosis
--> Liver cirhosis
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Cysticerci Pisiformis
- On the visceral serosa
6-8weeks
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Cysticercus on the liver (pisiformis)
Damaged tissue on the liver too
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Cysticercus pisiformis on the serosa
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Cysticercus Pisiformis on the omentum
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One cysticercus, but NOT invaginated.
Scolex can be seen
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Not invaginated custicercus, scolex can be seen.
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**Cysticercus Tenuicolis
**
- Huge and filled with fluid
- Hepatophil
- Scolex is outside and not invaginated (upper right)
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Cysticercus Tenuicolis
Invaginated scolex (left)
Out (right) because it got to heavy.
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Cysticercus Tenuicolis
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Cysticercus longicoli (Taenia Crassiceps)
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Cysticercus Longicollis
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Cysticercus Longicolis
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Taenia Taeniformis
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Strobilocercus Fasciolaris
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Taenia Ovis - Cysticercus Ovis
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Taenia Cervi - Cysticercus Cervi
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Cysticercus Ovis or Cervi
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Cysticercus ovis or cervi
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Taenia form of humans
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Taenia Saginata = exeption
- No hooks on rostellum, only 4 suckers
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Taenia Saginata = More similar
Rostellum with hooks and 4 suckers
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Beef measels from masseter muscle
Cysticercus Bovis (T.Saginata)
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Cysticercus in skelletal muscle
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Cysticercus bovis (T.Saginata)
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Chronic phase of cysticercus (cheese like material inside the cysts)
Human tapeworm
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Heart with cysticerci
Human tape worm
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**Cysticercus Cellulosae** (T.Solium)
Larva from human eye
Operations is dangerous/not possible
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Cysticerus Cellulosae (T.Solium)
In brain of humans
Operations is dangerous/not possible
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**Coenurus Cerebralis**
(Taenia multiceps)
Larva form inside the Brain in small ruminants
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Coenerus with scolices inside cyst
Coenerus Cerebralis (Taenia Multiceps)
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Coneurus Cerebralis (T.Multiceps) --> Much bigger than Cysticercus Cellulossae
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Coneurus Cerebralis
Inside whitish spots in fluid filled cysts --> Scolices = wont float free, because its attached to the wall.
| When they reach the final size they cause lot of damage in the sheep.
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Smaller, but when you look closer.
Still cannot cure or operate --> Thin wall.
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Protoscolices cyst wall
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Protoscolices cyst worm
| From one coenerus --> hundreds of adult worms develop
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Echinococcus Multiocularis
(5segments)
| (Immatture, mature and gravid)
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Echinococcus Granulosus
3 segments
| (Mature, immature, gravid)
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| What kind of egg?
Taenia type of egg
Echinococcus species
Armed scolex
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Echinococcus Hyatidosis, Protoscolices and daughter cysts inside.
3 layer wall
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Echinococcus with 3 layers
- CT
- Cell free
- Germinative layer
- Emptyness = fluid
- Inside = Scolices/protoscolices --> Daugther cysts which are floating in this fluid.
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Daugther cyst - Echinococcus hyatidosis
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Which parasite?
Predilection site regarding species
Necroscopic finginf of Liver of Echinococcus Hyatidosus
Mainly in Liver = Cattle, Pig, Horse and humans
Mailnly in Lungs = Sheep and goat
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Echinococus Hyatidosus
| Cystic forms on the liver
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Chronic Echinococcus hyatidosis
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Echinococcus Hyatidosus cyst are mostly separated but can be conected as well (liver)
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Echinococcus hyatidosus cyst can be huge in size
| Operated out, but then you need to be lucky
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Echinococcus Hyatidosus cyst cut, and you can see the thick wall.
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Echinococcus that develop in rally short time does not have time to develop a thick wall.
Tiny adult ones, hard to see with neked eyes in the small intestioal wall.
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What
Where
In which species
Echinococcus alveolaris
In the Liver of rodents
"Conected to eachother in Tumour/cancer like cavernosus"
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Echinococcus Alveolaris with cavernous like appearance with gelous material.
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Rodent infected with Echinococcus Multilocularis - Echinococcus Alveolaris.
3rd picture of th rodent when the liver is infected:
1. Cysticercus Pisiformis (Taenia pisiformis)
2. Cysticercus Longicollis (Taenia crassiceps)
3. Echinococcus Alveolaris (Echinococcus Multiocularis)
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Echinococcus alveolaris
(Develop in a few weeks depending on the species)
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Echinococcus alveolaris
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Echinococcus Alveolaris
| Wrong? Cause its Echinococcus Hyatidosis?
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Picture is there to remind us that taenia species can be distinuished by?
The pattern of the branches of the gravid segments.
