PQ FINAL Flashcards by Hanne Maria Hansen

The vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi are
Bedbugs
Soft ticks
Kissing bugs
Hard ticks

Kissing bugs

Chagomaformation

Chaga’sDisease

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What is characteristics of “Dollar-spots”?
Displacement
Predilection site: genitalia
10-15 cm diameter
They always appear in dourine

Displacement

Dourine –> trypanosoma Equiperdum 16-35microm
2-5cm

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What is the most frequent cause of death following the 4th phase of dourine?
Collapse of circulation
Decubitus
Facial paralysis
Pneumonia

Genitalia
Urticaripahase
Paralysis phase
Recumbancy –> Cahexia, Decubital inf, Pneumonia (With 50% morality)

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Which Giardia genotype(s) is (are) zoonotic? (more than one answer maybe correct!)
* A
* B
* C
* D

A and B

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In which of the following is Toxoplasma gondii highly foetopathogenic?
* Cattle
* Sheep
* Horse
* Pig

Sheep
Early embryonic death
Reabsorption
Foetal death/mummification
Abortion
Stillbirth
Neonatal death

Infects most warm blooded mammals - Definitive Host felidae

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Which species will frequently cause haemorrhages?
* T. brucei brucei
* R. Vivax
* T. Congolense
* None of these

T. brucei brucei –> Inflamatory necrotic change
**T. vivax –> cause located in the Blood
**
T. congolense –> Glomerulonephritis

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What is the approx.. size of giardia cyst?
* 10-20 micrometers
* Nearly 100 micrometers
* 30-40 micrometers
* 20-30 micrometers

10-20 micrometers

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Which Eimeria sp. is highly pathogenic in chicken?
* E. maxima
* E. intestinalis
* E. necatrix
* E. mitis

*** E. necatrix
**

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Of which Eimeria sp./spp. can the praepatent period be 4 days or shorter? (more than one answer may be right!)

E. praecox
E.maxima
E. acervuline
E.mitis

E. praecox –> Less than 4 days
E. acervuline –> 4-5 days
E.mitis –> 3-4 days

E.Maxima = 5-6days
E. Tenella and Necatrix = 6-7Days
E. Brunetti = 5days

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Which of the following pair of Eimeria species has complementary location in the small intestine?
E. intestinalis & E. magna
E. duodenalis & E. media
E. magna & E. magna
E. exigua & E. intestinalis

**E. intestinalis (ileum+jejenum) & E. magna(Ileum+jejenum)
**

G. duodenalis & E. media –> Duodenum & Jejenum
E. exigua (whole small int) & E. intestinalis (ileum & Jejenum)

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What is the characteristic lesion on the hepatic form of pigeon trichomonosis?
* Pea size necroses
* Fibrinous perihepatitis
* Abscess
* Pinpoint necroses

Pea size necroses

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Which species will cause mucosal thickening distally in the small intestine?
* Eimeria ovinoidalis
* Eimeria crandallis
* Eimeria parva
* Eimeria bakuensis

Eimeria ovinoidalis

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Which Cryptosporidium sp./spp. occur(s) frequently in post-weaned or older calves? (more than one answer maybe correct!)
* C. Baileyi
* C. Bovis
* C. Andersoni
* C. Parvum

* C. Bovis
* C. Andersoni

C. Baileyi –> Avian chryptorchism
C. Bovis –> Weaned calves
C. Andersoni –> Adults/Older calves
C. Parvum –> Praeweaned young calves

C.Ryanae –> Post weaning calves

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In which age group are bulls more susceptible to Tritrichomonas foetus?
* 1-2 years of age
* Below 3 years
* Above 3 years
* 2-4 years of age

Above 3 years

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How does Histomonas meleagridis spread to the liver?
* Haematogenously
* From the cloaca
* From the skin
* From the navel

Haematogenously

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Which Eimeria sp. is highly pathogenic in chicken?
* E. acervuline
* E. mitis
* E. tenella
* E. flavescens

*** E. tenella **+ E.Brunetti & E.Necatrix

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Which protozoon is frequently carried by nutria or coypu?
* Giardia
* Trichomonas
* Toxoplasma
* Babesia

Toxoplasma

Large Beaver like rodent

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How does Trichomonas gallinae reach the liver?
* Spreading from heart apex
* Spreading from the navel
* Spreading from oesophagus
* Haematogenously

Spreading from the navel

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Which grographical region has serious problems with cattle tritrichomonosis?
* None of these
* Certain US states
* Europe
* Hungary

Certain US states

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Which dog breed is predisposed to subclinical babesiosis (carrier state)?
* Spaniel predisposed
* Irish setter predisposed
* German shepherd
* Dalmatiner

*** German shepherd
**

Spaniel = predisposed
Irish setter = predisposed
German shepherd = SUBCLINICAL
Dalmatiner

More resistant==>
* Beagles
* Foxterrier

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In which “aberrant” host species is Sarcocystis neurona highly pathogenic?
* Cattle
* Sheep
* Pig
* Horse

“aberrant” = Diverging from normal type

Horse

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Please select the moderately pathogenic Eimeria sp./spp. for which the location is indicated properly?
E. irresidua – duodenum
E. intestinalis – ileum
E. piriformis – colon
E. magna – ileum

Rabit coccidiosis

**E. piriformis – colon
**

E. irresidua – duodenum = Jejenum +/- Ileum = moderate
E. intestinalis – ileum = High pathogenicity
E. piriformis – colon =
E. magna – ileum = + Jejenum

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Which of the following pair of Eimeria species has complementary location on the small intestine?
* E. brunetti & E. mitis
* E. maxima & E. necatrix
* E. acervulina & E. mitis
* E. acervulina & E. precox

*** E. acervulina & E. mitis
**

Brunetti = colorectal
Mitis = Ileum
Maxima = Jejenum
Necatrix = Jejenum
Acervulina = Duodenum
Precox = Duodenum

Also E. Intestinalis and E. Magna

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There is no sporocyst in its sporulated oocyst (more than one answer maybe correct)
* Cryptosporidium
* Plasmodium
* Hepatozoon
* Isospora

Cryptosporidium = No sporocyst, but 4 free sporozoites
Plasmodium = No sporocyst or Conoids = Fertilized motile zygote –> Ookinete
Hepatozoon = 30-50 sporocysts
Isospora = 2 sporocysts & 4 sporozoites

Eimeria = 4 sporocyst & 2 sporozoites

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What is the most pathogenic stage of Eimeria acervuline? * Second schizont * Gamont * First schizont * Oocyst | 4* Schizogony and Gametogony

* Oocyst

Which are the predisposing factors of pigeon Trichomonosis? (more than one answer may be correct) * A-vitamin deficiency * Giardiasis * Ammonia from litter * Iron deficiency | Cappillaria Nematodes

* A-vitamin deficiency * Ammonia from litter

What plays a central role in the pathogenesis of biliary coccidiosis? * Cirrhosis * Biliary hyperplasia * Anaemia * Hepatomegaly

* Biliary hyperplasia

Which statement is true for Klossiellosis? * Oocysts form, but are not shed * There is no oocysts * Oocysts are of the Isospora-type * Oocysts pass with the urine

* **Oocysts form, but are not shed** - sporocysts are shed withe urine * * Oocysts are of the Isospora-type - 2*4 40-60 thin walled sporocyst w/free Luminal sporozoites * Oocysts pass with the urine - sporocysts are

What is not caused by Trypanosoma cruzi? * Meningoencephalitis * Megalomania * Myocarditis * Oedema

Megalomania | Oedema --> Palpebral

Which plasmodium species is not human pathogenic? * P. vivax * P. simium * P. knowlesi * P.ovale

*** P. simium** (monkeys+P.knowlesi) | * P. knowlesi monkeys too

Mostly where does the first schizogony of Leucocytozoon species take place? * In liver parenchyma cells * In endothelial cells * In renal tubular epithelial cells * In muscle

*** In liver parenchyma cells **

What is the size range of Trypanosomes? * 60-100 μm * 30-50 μm * 10-20 μm * 10-40 μm

*** 10-40 μm** 8-39micrometer Heteroxenous

How can infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi typically be acquired? * With coprophagy * By vectors * With eating transport hosts * Prenatally

**Prenatally**

Where does exoerythrocytaer schizogony of Plasmodium species take place in mammals? * Liver * White blood cells * Lymph node * Skin

**Liver** | White blood cells = Birds Skin = Birds Birds --> skin mps cells

Which host has asymptomatic Trypanosoma brucei evansi infection? * Cattle * Horse * Camel * Dog

**Cattle** * Horse = int fever, weakness, meningoencephalitis, HL paralysis, oedema * Camel = very pathogenic * Dog = Sc + laryngeal oedema, Occular signs, Mucosal Haemorrhage | (Evansi) - Surrae Hindi for Rotten

What may predispose a dog to entamoebosis? * Living together with cats which pass cysts in their faeces * Eating raw pork * Drinking from trophozoite-containing water * Entamoebosis of the owner

*** Entamoebosis of the owner**

The Hepatozoon canis gamont: what is the shape and what cell type is it in? * Elliptic, neutrophilic grc. * Oval, monocyte * Onion-like, splenocyte * Round, neutrophilic grc

*** Elliptic, neutrophilic grc. **

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen that is taxonomically a protozoon but not a member of phylum Apicomplexa? * Cryptosporidium parvum * Toxoplasma gondii * Acanthamoeba castellani * Encephalitozoon cuniculi

*** Acanthamoeba castellani **

Which Eimeria sp. May have high pathogenicity similar to that of Eimeria zuernii? * E. alabemensis * E. ellipsoidalis * E. subspherical * E. auburnensis

*** E. alabemensis **

What plays a central role in the background of waving parasitaemia in the case of nagana? * Superinfection * Exflaggellation * VSG expression * Immunosuppression

*** VSG expression **

How many Eimeria spp. May cause either haemorrhagic or fibrinous lesions in the caeca of chickens? * Two * One * Four * Three

* Two | E. Tenella + ?

How many Eimeria spp. Cause haemorrhagic lesions in the small intestine of the chicken? * Five * Four * Two * Three

*** Two** E.Necatrix? & E. Brunetti (Distal end of SI)

Which Eimeria sp. Has low pathogenicity in chickens? * E. acervulina * E. tenella * E. duodenalis xpheasantcoccidiosis * E. flavescens coccidiosis

*** E. acervulina** * E. tenella = High pathogenesis * E. duodenalis = Pheasantcoccidiosis * E. flavescens = Rabbit coccidiosis**

How can we get infected with giardia from natural water in Central Europe (minimal infectious dose in 10 cysts)? * There is no way, because beavers are rare * Rarely by drinking natural water * During swimming * My washing food in natural water

*** Rarely by drinking natural water **

Which does not have cyst? * Trichomonas gallinae * Giardia duodenalis * Acanthomoeba castellani * Entamoebahistolytica

**Trichomonas gallinae** - No sexual stages, No cysts

Please select the highly pathogenic Eimeria sp. For which the location is indicated properly: * E. irresidua - jejunum * E. flavescens - caecum * E. intestinalis - caecum * E. magna - duodenum

*** E. flavescens - Caecum **

What is the characteristic lesion of Eimeria bakuensis infection, and in which part of the gut? * Haemorrhages in duodenum * Colon ulcers * Foci in ileum * Pseudomembrane in jejunum

*** Foci in ileum **

Of which Eimeria sp. Is it characteristic to cause haemorrhages in a ladder-like pattern? * E. tenella * E. necatrix * E. maxima * E. brunetti

* **E. brunetti ** = Rectal coccidiosios of chickens

What is the characteristic gestation period for neosporosis-related abortions in cows? * 2-4 months * 4-6 months * 8-9 months * 6-8 months

*** 4-6 months **

What is the main clinical type of cryptosporidiosis in the birds? * Digestive * Renal * Respiratory * Ocular

*** Respiratory **

Which are the ways of attenuation in the case of Paracox, Livacox? * Making subunits * Selection for early maturation * Gamma irradiation * Adaptation to CAM

* Selection for early maturation * Adaptation to CAM

Which Eimeria species occurs typically in breeding and replacement flocks, but less in broilers? * E. acervulina * E. mitis * E. maxima * E. brunetti

*** E. maxima **

Which Trypanosoma sp. Does the causative agent of dourine belong to? * T. brucei * T. equiperdum * T. equinum * T. evansi

**T. brucei & T. evansi**

Which protozoon is frequently carried by beavers? * Giardia * Sarcocystis * Trichomonas * Babesia

**Giardia** | Cysts from Beavers + Man --> Infect Dogs

What are the routes of infection with Leishmania spp.? * All of these * With biting * Venereal, transplacental * Vector borne

**All of these**

Which Eimeria sp./spp. Cause(s) typically coagulation necrosis? * E. tenella * E. brunetti * E. maxima * E. Necatrix

** E. brunetti** --> Colon, Rectum and cloaca - E. Tenella --> Caecum - E. Maxima --> Jejenum - E. Necatrix --> SI | Coagulation necrosis --> Rough rectal mucosal surface

Which Eimeria sp./spp. Cause(s) typically coagulation necrosis? * E. tenella * E. brunetti * E. maxima * E. Necatrix

** E. brunetti** --> Colon, Rectum and cloaca - E. Tenella --> Caecum - E. Maxima --> Jejenum - E. Necatrix --> SI | Coagulation necrosis --> Rough rectal mucosal surface

Which species will cause mucosal thickening in the colon? * Eimeria bakuensis * Eimeria arloingi * Eimeria ellipsoidalis * Entamoeba histolytica

*** Entamoeba histolytica**

What is characteristic of the pathology of turkey Histomonosis? * Generalized form * Dry liver necrosis * Bloody caecal contents * Moist liver necrosis

*** Dry liver necrosis **

Which is the staining method to distinguish Encephalitozoon cuniculi from protozoan parasites belonging to other groups? * Ziehl-neelsen * Kinyoun * Gram * PAS

*** Ziehl-neelsen **

Which Eimeria species does not occur behind the small intestine? * E. meleagridis * E. meleagrimitis * E. gallopavonis * E. adenoeides

*** E. meleagridis **

Which phenotype is not characteristic of Trypanosoma cruzi? * Amastigote * Promastigote * Epimastigote * Trypomastigote

**Promastigote **

Which of the following lives intracellularly * Promastigote * Amastigote * Trypomastigote * Epimastigote

**Amastigote**

Infection with which Eimeria species results in sunken eyes, vertigo? E. truncata E. anatis E. anseris E. danailovi | + Torticollis

**E.Truncata**

What should be demonstrated in blood smears in order to diagnose haemoproteosis? * Spindle shape Gamont next to the nucleus of white blood cells * Spindle shape Gamont next to the nucleus of red blood cells * Sausage like Gamont next to the nucleus of red blood cells * Sausage-like Gamont next to the nucleus of white blood cells

**Sausage like Gamont next to the nucleus of red blood cells ** | Blood smear with Giemsa

What is the host of Eimeria Kotlani? * Pheasant * Duck * Goose * Turkery

*** Goose ** Eimeria Kotlani = Renal coccidiosis of geese

Which is the main zoonotic Babesia sp. (sensu stricto) in Europe? * B. ovis * B. bovis * B. divergens * B. microti

*** B. divergens **

What is he main location of Eimeria maxima? * Ileum * Rectum * Duodenum * Jejenum

**Jejenum ** | Rectum --> Brunetti Duodenum --> Acervulina

What is he main location of Eimeria maxima? * Ileum * Rectum * Duodenum * Jejenum

**Jejenum ** | Rectum --> Brunetti Duodenum --> Acervulina

Which domestic animal is susceptible for the highest number of Cryptosporidium species? * Sheep * Cattle * Pig * Dog

**Cattle**

Which can shed oocysts of Eimeria coecicola? * Rabbit * Mouse * Cat * Dog

**Rabbit**

Which of the following species develops also extraintestinally? * Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae * Eimeria ovinoidalis * Eimeria parva * Eimeria crandallis

** Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae**

How can a dog become infected with Neospora caninum? (more than one answer may be correct!) * From raw pork * With oocysts * Galactogenically * Transplacentally

**From raw pork & Transplacentally** | With oocysts??

Please select the Cryptosporidium sp./spp. For which the location is indicated properly * C. muris – small intestine * C. parvum – stomach * C. adnersoni – colon * C. bovis – small intestine

**C. bovis – small intestine** Muris = Stomach/abomasum Parvum = SI Andersoni = Stomach/abomasum

Which Eimeria sp./spp. Have 6 days of prepatent period (More than one may be right!) * E. maxima * E. brunetti * E. necatrix * E. tenella

**E.Necatrix and E.Tenella** Maxima = 5-6 Brunetti = 5 Necatrix = 6-7 Tenella = 6-7

What is the incubation period of dourine? * 1-2 months * 3-4 weeks * 14-16 days * Can be several years

**1-2 months**

Where do besnoitia cysts occur in cattle? (More than one may be right!) * Respiratory mucosae * Epidermis * Sclera * Genital mucosae

* Respiratory mucosae * Epidermis * Sclera * Genital mucosae

Which Eimeria sp. Is highly pathogenic in cattle? * E. necatrix * E. ellipsoidalis * E. zuernii * E. bakuensis

** E. zuernii**

Which Sarcocystis sp. Has carnivores as intermediate hosts? * S. rileyi * S. procifelis * S. cruzi * S. neurona

**S. neurona**

What is the main location of Eimeria tenella? * Duodenum * Caecum * Rectum * Jejunum

**Caecum** Duodenum = Acervulina Rectum = Brunetti Jejunum = Maxima

What is the most frequent cause of death in the case of nagana? * Heart failure * Pneumonia * Rupture of spleen * Renal failure

**Heart failure**

What is the incubation period of canine babesiosis? * 1 day (also peracute) * 4-21 days * 1-2 weeks * 14-16 days

**4-21 days** | **Approx 5-20Days**

Which tick genus includes the main vector of the large babesia of the dog in Europe? * Hyalomma * Ixodes * Haemaphysalis * Dermacentor

**Dermacentor** * Large = B.canis (R. sanguineus, D. Reticulatus) * Small = B.Gibsoni (R.Sanguineus)

Which tick can be the carrier for small babesia in dogs?

**Rhipicephalus**

Breed disposition to Babesia: (more than one may be right) * Dalmatian * Spaniel * German Shepherd * Irish setter

**Spaniel and Irish setter**

Which Giardia genotype occurs frequently in cattle? * C * D * E * F

**E**

What is the end stage of Hepatozoon canis in ticks? * Oocysts * Syzygium * Sporokinetes * Free sporozoites

**Oocysts** * IM host = Dog, Coyote, Cat, Mink, Racoon (asex reprod.) * Final host = Rhipicephalus sanguinis

In what can Encephalitozoon spores be found? (more than one answer maybe correct) * Faeces * Urine * Sweating * Respiratory secretion

**Urine**

Which one is not a characteristic sign of surra? * Anorexia * Anaemia and haemorrhage * Paralysis of hind quarters * Diarrhoea

**Paralysis of hind quarters ** = surra, T.evansi (neospora sometimes)

Which characteristic of Klossiella species is exceptional among haemogregarines? * Development is not restricted to cells of the haemolymphatic system * They are homoxenous * There may be 40-60 sporocysts in the oocysts * Klossiella species are not haemogregarines

**They are homoxenous** * Haemogregarines --> Mainly in cold Blooded Hosts (in RBC's). * Usually: Obligatory Heteroxenons * 10-15 sporocysts in oocyst

What is the form Naegleria fowleri does not have? * Provided with two flagella * Amoebic * Cyst * Provided with one flagellum

**Provided with one flagellum** | It is biflagelated

In which animal does klossiellosis usually have pathogenic significance? * Mouse * Donkey * Rat * Horse

**Mouse** * K.muris more pathogenic * K. equi mostly apathogenic

Which domestic animals do not have Eimeria species? * Ducks * Carnivores * Horses * Pigs

**Carnivores** * I. Canis * I.Felis * I.Rivolta * I.Ohioensis * I. Burrows | Pig has: E.Deblicki, E.Polita, E.Scabra, E.Spinosa, I.Suis

Which of the following does not cause haemorrhages? * Eimeria anatis * Tyzzeria perniciosa * Eimeria danailovi * Wenyonella philiplevinei

**Eimeria anatis ** = Is apathogenic

Which clinical sign is not characteristic of encephalitozoonosis? * Spasms * Ataxy * Posterior paralysis * Torticollis

**Spasms** | * Posterior paralysis common in rabbits

What is the most frequent cause of death during leishmaniasis? * Septicemia * Asphyxia * Heart failure * Renal failure

**Renal failure**

What can typically result from the infection with cryptosporidium parvum? * Crypt hypoplasia * Fibrinous pseudomembranes * Apoptosis * Necrosis

**Apoptosis** | Parasite induced Apoptosis

PQ FINAL Flashcards

(97 cards)