MT2 > Disease: Historical Examples Flashcards Preview

UVic BIOL 459 - Fall 2019 > MT2 > Disease: Historical Examples > Flashcards

Flashcards in MT2 > Disease: Historical Examples Deck (25)
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1
Q

Who wrote the historical account of the plague of Athens? When?

A

Thucydides in ~430 BCE, then later Lucretius in ~100 BCE.

2
Q

When was the Justinian plague? Who recorded this outbreak?

A

AD 542, recounted by Procopius.

3
Q

When was the Black Death spreading through Europe? In what historical work was the incidence of this disease recorded? By who?

A

AD 1348, recorded in Decameron by Boccacio.

4
Q

How has infectious disease shaped human history? Give a few examples.

A

Domestication of animals and urbanization led to increased disease infection, resulting in development of immunity.

5
Q

Around what time did the Herpes virus begin to appear in human populations?

A

~1-2 million years ago.

6
Q

When did smallpox first appear in humans? How?

A

~5000-10000 years ago smallpox jumped from camels to humans.

7
Q

What historical development allowed the continuous transmission of measles and mumps? When did this begin?

A

Establishment of city states with increased population density ~5000 years ago.

8
Q

Who first described the difference between measles and smallpox? What might this definition have formed the basis of?

A

Razes differentiated the two. His description of treatments may have been the basis for smallpox inoculation.

9
Q

What two countries introduced smallpox inoculation in the 18th century?

A

England and China.

10
Q

What is James Jurin responsible for re: smallpox?

A

Provided the basis for epidemiology through his study of smallpox inoculation.

11
Q

What issues did D’Alembert have with smallpox inoculation?

A

Raised ethical problems associated with a purely mathematical evaluation of risk.

12
Q

When did Jenner make his inoculation discovery? For what?

A

Tested the cowpox inoculation against smallpox in 1796.

13
Q

What is the Canadian scientist d’Herelle known for discovering?

A

The bacteriophage.

14
Q

When were the first eukaryotic cell cultures developed?

A

1948-1950.

15
Q

When was the first antibiotic discovered? What was it? Who discovered it?

A

In 1928 Fleming discovered penicillin.

16
Q

When was the last case of smallpox documented?

A

1980.

17
Q

Where did the disease which caused the plague of Athens likely originate?

A

In Northern Africa (Ethiopia).

18
Q

What were some of the early symptoms of those suffering in the plague of Athens? What about late symptoms?

A

Early: headache, redness/inflammation, chest pain, cough
Late: spasms, pustules, thirst, ulcers, death

19
Q

What did Thucydides mention regarding the recurrence of disease in sufferers of the plague of Athens?

A

That survivors developed a natural immunity and never caught the disease again.

20
Q

What concept did Thucydides connect to the transmission of the plague of Athens?

A

Population density likely had a role.

21
Q

What did Thucydides remark about animals which came into contact with those suffering from the plague of Athens?

A

Animals either avoided the bodies or died after tasting corpses.

22
Q

What did molecular diagnosis determine was the cause of the plague of Athens? How?

A

Typhoid fever was diagnosed by using PCR on tooth pulp.

23
Q

What plague biovar caused the Black Death in Europe in 1348?

A

Y. pestis biovar medievalis.

24
Q

What plague biovar caused the Justinian plague of AD 542?

A

Y. pestis biovar antiqua.

25
Q

What plague biovar caused the most recent pandemic in 19th century China?

A

Y. pestis biovar orientalis.