Final > Learning From Smallpox Inoculation (Book ch. 4) Flashcards Preview

UVic BIOL 459 - Fall 2019 > Final > Learning From Smallpox Inoculation (Book ch. 4) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final > Learning From Smallpox Inoculation (Book ch. 4) Deck (14)
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1
Q

Where variolation (smallpox innoculation) first begin? When? (give a year range)

A

Occurred in China and Europe as early as 1721-1798.

2
Q

When did James Jurin conduct his studies on smallpox? (give a year range)

A

1721-1745.

3
Q

Who began using cowpox to inoculate children? When did this first occur?

A

Edward Jenner began experimenting with cowpox in 1798.

4
Q

When did Pasteur develop the rabies vaccine? Why was this historically significant?

A

In 1885. It was the first human vaccine (Jenner and cowpox was still inoculation).

5
Q

When were the Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Tuberculosis vaccines developed? (give a year range)

A

1923-1927.

6
Q

How is Lady Montague significant in the history of immunization?

A

She introduced smallpox inoculation to England from Turkey (1721). The first introduction in Europe of a method to prevent disease.

7
Q

How is James Jurin significant in the history of immunization?

A

Collected, analyzed, and validated data and research from smallpox inoculation in England (1723-1740).

8
Q

How is Francois D’Entrecolles significant in the history of immunization?

A

A missionary in China who Wrote a letter back to Europe describing smallpox inoculation and - more importantly - attenuation.

9
Q

What were the 3 different ways in which the Chinese inoculated children (1617-1700)?

A
  1. Infected pus in nose
  2. Infected scab in nose
  3. Wear an infected kid’s clothes
10
Q

How is Jean Le Rond D’Alembert significant in the history of immunization?

A

Co-authored the first encyclopedia. Wrote about the risk of inoculation from the individual and state perspectives. Refuted some common objections to the practice.

11
Q

How is Edward Jenner significant in the history of immunization?

A

First to experiment with cowpox as a less harmful way of inoculating against smallpox.

12
Q

When did England force the switch to cowpox vaccination by making variolation illegal?

A

1840.

13
Q

How is Alfred Russell Wallace significant in the history of immunization?

A

An anti-vaxxer. Questioned the safety of vaccines, which was reasonable given the non-sterile preparation of vaccines at the time.

14
Q

How is Louis Pasteur significant in the history of immunization?

A

Developed the first animal vaccine and human vaccine. Invented microbiology. First to use animal models.