MTTP 23

Question 1

Occupies a central or medial position in the body and includes the brain, spinal cord, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 2

Nerves that begin and end in the brain and spinal cord but extend beyond skull and vertebral column and include the cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

Regulates skeletal muscles and joints and contains receptors of special senses, such as vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 4

Regulates involuntary responses such as the activities of organs, glands, and smooth muscle

Answer 4

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 5

Connect rice tissues that support, nourish, protect, and insulate neurons

Answer 5

Neuroglia or glial cells

Question 6

Increase the conduction rate of the impulse and provide insulation to prevent impulse leakage to adjacent neurons

Answer 6

Myelin

Question 7

Glial cells found in the PNS

Answer 7

Schwann cells

Question 8

Gaps located between Schwann cells and their myelin sheaths are the

Answer 8

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 9

Impulse-conducting cells and represent the simplest structural unit of the nervous system

Answer 9

Neurons

Question 10

Contains the nucleus and other organelles; attached to this are the dendrite and axon

Answer 10

Cell body

Question 11

Short and narrow extensions that receive stimuli and transmit impulses toward the cell body

Answer 11

Dendrite

Question 12

Nerve fiber that transmits impulses away from the cell body

Answer 12

Axon

Question 13

Transmit sensory info towards the CNS

Answer 13

Afferent neurons

Question 14

Transmit impulses from the CNS toward muscles or glands

Answer 14

Efferent neurons

Question 15

Protective involuntary but predictable response to stimuli that uses a reflex arc to exert its action

Answer 15

Reflex

Question 16

Single conduction pathway to and from the CNS

Answer 16

Reflex Arc

Question 17

Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS

Answer 17

Nerves

Question 18

Term used to describe the neuron while its resting and not conducting impulses

Answer 18

Polarization

Question 19

Mechanism producing and maintains polarization

Answer 19

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 20

When a neuron receives stimulus, ion channels or gates located on the cell membrane open and transmits nerve impulse down the axon

Answer 20

Depolarization

Question 21

Neuron quickly resumes its resting or polarized, state

Answer 21

Repolarization

Question 22

Place where signals are transmitted between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle or gland

Answer 22

Synapse

Question 23

Chemical messengers used by chemical synapses to transmit signals between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 23

Neurotransmitters

Question 24

Consists of brain and spinal cord; surrounded by connective tissue membranes called meninges and by cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

Innermost layer and attaches to the surface of the brain and spinal cord; this layer is thin and delicate and contains blood vessels

Answer 25

Pia Mater

Question 26

Middle layer; loose arrangement of collagen fibers gives this layer a weblike appearance

Answer 26

Arachnoid Mater

Question 27

Outermost layer and lies against the skull and vertebral column; this is think and dense and creates a few notable partitions within the brain

Answer 27

Dura mater

Question 28

Clear, colorless fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord found in the subarachnoid space

Answer 28

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 29

The brain consists of 4 main regions:

Answer 29

Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem

Question 30

The largest and most superior portion of the brain

Answer 30

Cerebrum

Question 31

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected by bundles of transverse fibers

Answer 31

Corpus callosum

Question 32

Rhythmic patterns of cerebral electrical activity that can be displayed using an electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 32

Brainwaves

Question 33

Associated with calmness and relaxation

Answer 33

Alpha (8-13 Hz)

Question 34

Associated with alertness and mental activity

Answer 34

Beta (13+ Hz)

Question 35

Occurs during sleep

Answer 35

Delta ( 4 < Hz) | -

Question 36

Located in the center of the brain, contains the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland

Answer 36

Diencephalon

Question 37

Largest portion of the diencephalon and relays sensory info to appropriate areas of the cerebrum

Answer 37

Thalamus

Question 38

Regulates the ANS, controls behavioral patterns, and regulates 24-hour cycles called biorhythms or circadian rhythms

Answer 38

Hypothalamus

Question 39

SAME stands for?

Answer 39

Sensory neurons are Afferent and Motor neurons are Efferent

Question 40

continuous with the spinal cord and contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata

Answer 40

brainstem

Question 41

emerge from the inferior surface of the brain and are named by Roman numerals, for the areas they supply, or the the type of signal they carry

Answer 41

cranial nerves (12 pairs)

Question 42

controls the muscles of facial expression, detects taste, produces saliva and tears, and is both sensory and motor

Answer 42

CN VII (Facial)

Question 43

regulates activity of thoracic and abdominal organs, a such as gastrointestinal peristalsis, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as sweating; sensory and motor

Answer 43

CN X (Vagus)

Question 44

three branches; detects sensations, such as nociception and temperature on the head and face, moves muscles of mastication, and is both sensory and motor

Answer 44

CN V (Trigeminal)

Question 45

emerge from the sides of the spinal cord

Answer 45

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 46

areas of skin supplied by a single sensory spinal nerve

Answer 46

dermatomes

Question 47

groups of skeletal muscles supplied by single motor spinal nerve

Answer 47

myotomes

Question 48

also known as myotatic reflexes; are reflexive muscle contractions in response to muscle stretch stimuli

Answer 48

stretch reflexes

Question 49

controls energy conservation and dominates during periods of rest and under calm conditions

Answer 49

parasympathetic division

Question 50

controls energy expenditure and dominates during physical exertion or emotional stress; occur quickly

Answer 50

sympathetic division

Question 51

receives external stimuli and are located on or near the surface of the body, such as skin and mucosa

Answer 51

exteroceptors

Question 52

Specialized interoceptors found in muscles, joints, and ears

Answer 52

Proprioceptors

Question 53

Detect changes in temperature and are found in the skin and mucosae

Answer 53

Thermoreceptors