Mucosal immunity Flashcards
Why are mucosal services more vulnerable to infections than the skin
They are large permable and constantly exposed to external antigens
Name 3 specialised epithelial cells in the gut and their functions
Goblet cells - secrete mucus
paneth cells -produce antimicrobial peptides
-enterocytes - absorb nutrients and secrete antimicrobial peptides
What is the function of MALT(Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
Houses immunne cells that provide localised immunne response at mucosal surface.
What is the primary function of sIgA in mucosal immunity ?
Immune exclusion -trapping pathogens in mucus without triggering inflammation
Where are IgA1 and IgA2 primarily found
IgA1- lungs
IgA2 - colon
What is the role of IELs in mucosal immunity
Rapidly recognize and eliminate infected or stressed epithelial cells
How do ILCs contribute to mucosal immunity
Rapidly recognize and eliminate infected or stressed epithelial cells
How do ILCs contribute to mucosal immunity
They act as the innate equivalent of CD4+ T cells ,secreting cytokines to maintain tissue balance
WHich specialised cells transport antiggens from the gut lumen to immune cells
Microfold (M) cells
Name 2 benefits of commensal bacteria in the gut
Aids digestion and synthesise vitamins
How does shigella cause disease in the gut
Produces shiga toxin ,which inhibits protein translation
What type of immune response is triggered by helminths
A strong Th2 response to expel the parasites and repair tissue damage
Which gene mutations are associated withh Crohns disease
NOD2 and Atg16L1 mutations
What immune mechanism triggers celiac disease
Gluten peptides bind to HLA-DQ2 ,triggering an autoimmune response
What is the funnctionn of PRRs in mucosal immunity
Detects microbial patterns and initiate innate immune response
How can antibodies leads to C.difficile overgrowth
They disrupt the gut microbiata ,reducing competition and allowing c.difficile to proliferate.
