Multi-store model Flashcards
What is the sensory register?
The first store which holds sensory information received through all sensed for a brief time. Iconic and echoic memory
What is the short-term memory?
The memory of immediate events, usually lasting no more than a minute or two, capacity is limited to 7 + or - 2 items
What is long-term memory?
The memory for past events that can last for the life-time of a person, unlimited capacity
What is coding?
The form in which the information is stored
What is capacity?
How much information can be stored
What is duration?
How long information can be stored for
Describe the MSM formation
Begins in the sensory memory where it either decays or is moved to short-term memory by attention where it then moves to long-term memory where it either decays or stays there
What are some key features of the multi-store model? (6 things)
- Information flows through a number of storage systems in a linear fashion
- There are three-main unitary storage systems
- Each store has different coding, capacity and duration
- Information can remain in short-term memory by maintenance rehearsal and prolonged rehearsal and eventually will create a long-term memory
- The more information is rehearsed, the better it is remembered
- Information can be lost from stores, but in varying ways
How do you describe the MSM? (6 things)
- 3 unitary stores: sensory register, STM, LTM
- Flows on linear way
- Two main sensory register stores are echoic and iconic
- Less than 3 seconds in the sensory register but has a high capacity
- Sensory register can pass to STM if we pay attention to it
- STM has a capacity 7+ and -2 items and duration of up to 30 seconds usually information is encoding acoustically
What did Glanzer and Cunitz study about the MSM?
Found that if participants were permitted to immediately recall a list of one syllable words,
They were asked to remember they could remember the words at the beginning and at the end but not middle,
This is known as the primary recency effect and this supports the idea of the MSM.
What did Cralk and Lockhart say about the MSM?
Enduring memories are created by the processing that you do, rather than through maintenance rehearsal
Things that are processed more deeply are more memorable because of the way they are processed
The MSM fails to explain why information can transfer to the LTM without rehearsal
What did Cralk and Tulving say about the MSM?
Gave participants a lists a nouns and asked questions that involved deep or shallow processing
Shallow = letters printed in capitals, Deep = Whether the words fitted in a sentence
The participants remembered more words in the task involving deep processing rather than shallow
What did Clive wearing show about the MSM?
Evidence that both the STM store and LTM store should not be considered unitary stores
In his study he had damage to the hippocampus and had very little LTM for events that happened in his life but could remember skills such as playing piano, reading music and writing in a diary
This evidence challenges the idea that LTM is a unitary store
