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P - Memory > Multi Store Model > Flashcards

Multi Store Model Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what is memory

A

the process by which we retain and recall information about events that have happened in the past

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2
Q

what are the two types of memory

A

long term
short term

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3
Q

what is short term memory

A

your memory for immediate events, disappears if not rehearsed

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4
Q

what is long term memory

A

your memory for events that have happened in the past from 2 mintues - 100 years ago

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5
Q

what does the sensory register do

A

stores a huge amount of information from our senses for a very brief amoutn of time

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6
Q

how long does the sensory register store its information

A

half a second

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7
Q

what is capacity

A

the amount of information that can be stored

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8
Q

what is duration

A

the length of time information can be held in the memory store

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9
Q

what is coding

A

the format in which information is stored in the memory stores

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10
Q

what is acoustic coding

A

information stored in the form of sounds

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11
Q

what is semantic coding

A

information stored in the form of the meaning of the experience

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12
Q

what type of coding is long term memory

A

semantic

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13
Q

what type of coding is short term memory

A

acoustic

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14
Q

where does the sensory register get its information from

A

the sense organs

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15
Q

is the sensory register under cognitive control

A

no

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16
Q

what must happen to information in the sensory register for it to be passed on to the next store

A

must be paid attention to

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17
Q

what are the five sensory stores in the sensory register (coding)

A

iconic
echoic
haptic
gustatory
olfactory

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18
Q

what evidence is there for the coding of the sensory register

A

register retains iconic info for a few miliseconds, echoic info for 2-3 seconds

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19
Q

who found evidence for the coding of the sensory register

A

crowder

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20
Q

who found evidence for the capacity of the sensory register

A

sperling

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21
Q

what was sperling’s study for the capacity of the sensory register

A

studied iconic store
- flashed 3x4 gird of letters for 1/20th second
- asks participants to recall letters of one row using tone (high/med/low)

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22
Q

what evidence is there for the capacity of the sensory register

A

sperling - recall of letters was 76% average, therefore all the information was there so capacity is large

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23
Q

what is the capacity of each store of the sensory register

A

very large - its information is unprocessed, highly detailed, ever-changing formats

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24
Q

what is the duration for the sensory register

A

each store has a different duration (and capacity) but each is limited

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25
who studied duration for the sensory register
sperling
26
how did sperling change his study on capacity to make it about duration
introduced a pause, delaying the time between showing the letters and giving the tone
27
what evidence is there fore the duration of the sensory register (sperling_
only 50% info available after 0.3 sec delay only 33% info available after 1 sec delay
28
who studied capacity in the stm
miller
29
what was miller's study for capacity in the stm
reviewed psychological research to conclude the capacity
30
what evidence is there for the capacity of the stm
seven items plus or minus 2 and chunking which allows use to remember items better
31
who did the original study on the capacity of stm
jacobs
32
what evidence did jacob find for the capacity of the stm
average span for digits = 9.3 items average span for letters = 7.3 items
33
why did jacobs suggest people could remember digits better than letters
there are only 9 digits but there are 26 letters
34
who studied the capacity of ltm
wagenaar
35
what evidence is there for the capacity of ltm (wagenaar)
he tested himself on the recall of events of 2,400 diary entries - found excellent recall suggesting capacity is extremely large/unlimited
36
who studied coding of the stm and ltm
Baddeley
37
what was the procedure of baddeley's study into coding
- p's had to recall 5 words in correct order immediately after presentation from a group of 10-20 words - 4 categories : acoustically dis/similar, semantically dis/similar
38
what was the findings for the coding of the stm from baddeley's study
words with similar sounds harder to recall than dissimilar, meaning had a small effect
39
what was the findings for the coding of the ltm from baddeley's study
semantically similar words harder to recall than dissimilar, sound of the word had no effect
40
what are the conclusions from baddeleys study about the coding of stm and ltm
stm = acoustic coding ltm = semantic coding
41
who studied the duration of the stm
peterson and peterson
42
who studied the duration of the ltm
bahrick
43
what was the procedure of peterson and petersons study on the duration of stm
- p's given consonant trigram and 3 digit number - had to count back in 3s from the number - told to stop after retention interval - had to repeat the trigram aloud
44
what is consonant trigram
meaningless three-consonant syllables
45
what were the different retention intervals used by peterson and peterson
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
46
why were p's in peterson and petersons study told to count back in 3's from a number
to prevent any mental rehearsal of the consonant syllable
47
what did peterson and peterson find from their study on the duration of stm
longer retention interval - worse recall 90% recalled after 3 sec delay 20% recalled after 9 sec delay 2% recalled after 18 sec delay
48
from peterson and peterson's study how much was recalled after a 3 sec delay
90%
49
from peterson and peterson's study how much was recalled after a 18 sec delay
2%
50
from peterson and peterson's study how much was recalled after a 9 sec delay
20%
51
what was peterson and peterson's conclusion about the duration of the stm
limited duration of up to 18 seconds
52
what was the procedure of Bahrick's study on the duration of ltm
- recall of highschool books tested - 2 tests: free recall or photo recognition test
53
what was the sample in bahrick's study on the duration of ltm
392 american ex-high school students aged 17-74
54
what was the free recall test in bahrick's study on the duration of ltm
p's recalled the names of as many people as possible
55
what was the photo recognition test in bahrick's study on the duration of ltm
p's identify former classmates in a set of 50 where some from yearbook some not
56
what were the findings for free recall in bahrick's study on duration of ltm
after 15 yrs - 60% after 48 yrs - 30%
57
what were the findings for photo recognition test in bahrick's study on duration of ltm
after 15 yrs - 90% after 48 yrs - 70%
58
what was bahrick's conclusion about the duration of ltm
seemingly unlimited duration
59
who came up with the MSM
atkinson and shiffrin
60
what is the MSM
consists of three memory stores, linked to each other by linear processes that enable transfer of information from one store to the next
61
what are the three parts of the MSM
- sensory register - stm - ltm
62
what is the first step in remembering something
it must be paid attention to by the sensory register
63
what will happen to info in the stm if it isn't rehearsed
it will decay - disappear
64
what is maintenance rehearsal
when you repeat info over and over again in an attempt to remember it
65
how can info from the stm disappear apart from decaying
displacement
66
what is displacement
when new info enters the stm and pushes out the original info
67
what does elaborate maintenance rehearsal refer to
the fact that continued repetition will create a long term memory
68
what is retrieval failure
when the info could be accessed but it cant be found
69
what is retrieval
the process of getting info from the ltm by passing it back through the stm so it can be used

P - Memory (6 decks)

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