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Psychology: AM > Multi-store model of memory > Flashcards

Multi-store model of memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is duration?

A

How long the information in our memory lasts

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2
Q

What is capacity?

A

How much information our memory can hold

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3
Q

What is encoding?

A

How information goes in and the format in which it is stored

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4
Q

What is the duration of STM?

A

18 seconds

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5
Q

What did Peterson and Peterson investigate?

A

The duration of STM

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6
Q

What did Peterson and Peterson ask participants to do in their study?

A
  • Presented with consonant syllables and a 3 digit number to be remembered
  • Asked to count backwards after a delay of a varying amount of times
  • Then recall information
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7
Q

What were Peterson and Petersons findings?

A

That STM duration is less than 18 seconds if maintenance/verbal rehearsal is prevented

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8
Q

What were 2 limitations of Peterson and Petersons study?

A
  • Low ecological validity as artificial stimulus material used
  • Results may be inaccurate due to participants guessing what they would be asked to do
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9
Q

What is the duration of the long term memory?

A

Potentially unlimited

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10
Q

Who investigated the duration of LTM?

A

Bahrick

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11
Q

What were participants asked to do in Bahricks study?

A

Ex high school pupils asked to:

  • Recall as many names as possible
  • Put names to faces from high school year book
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12
Q

What were the results of Bahricks study?

A

48 years later = 70% accuracy

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13
Q

What is one strength and one limitation of Bahricks study?

A
  • Meaningful stimulus material so duration was better

- Participants may have looked at year book/seen classmates since high school leading to better recall

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14
Q

What is the capacity of the long term memory?

A

Infinite

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15
Q

What is the capacity of short term memory?

A

7 + / - 2 chunks

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16
Q

What did Miller/Jacobs do in their investigation of the capacity of STM?

A

Participants were presented with a 3 digit sequence of digits/letter to remember. He assessed the capacity using digit span technique

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17
Q

What is encoding in STM?

A

Acoustic

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18
Q

What is encoding in LTM?

A

Semantic

19
Q

What did Baddeley give participants in his lap experiment?

A

List of words that were acoustically similar/dissimilar and a list of words that were semantically similar/dissimilar

20
Q

What were the results of Baddeleys experiment?

A

More difficulty remembering Acoustically similar words in STM but not LTM
More difficulty remembering semantically similar words in LTM but not STM

21
Q

What are the three stores in the MSM?

A

Sensory, STM + LTM

22
Q

What causes the information in the sensory store to be transferred to the STM?

A

Attention

23
Q

What happens if information in the STM is not rehearsed?

A

It decays

24
Q

What happens with increased/frequent maintenance rehearsal of information in the STM?

A

It is transferred to the LTM

25
Q

The more rehearsal of information, the -

A

better it is remembered

26
Q

What is a (sensory memory) lab experiment supporting the MSM?

A
  • Sperling asked participants to report 12 letters/digits from a 3 line display after a short delay
  • Recall was poorer for all items than one row display
  • supports the idea that information decays rapidly in the sensory store
27
Q

What does Sperlings results show and how does it support the MSM?

A
  • Shows information decays rapidly in sensory store

- Supports MSM theory of sensory store and duration of information

28
Q

What was Glanzer and Cunitz serial position experiment?

A
  • Participants asked to remember list of words

- Words at start and end of lost best remembered

29
Q

What did Glanzer and Cunitz serial position experiment show?

A
  • First words best rehearsed and transferred to LTM
  • Last words in STM
  • Supports the idea that STM and LTM are 2 diff stores
30
Q

What does the case of HM show?

A

Supports the idea that LTM and STM separate stores

31
Q

How might information in the STM be lost?

A

Decay or displacement

32
Q

What are two strengths of the MSM?

A
  • Research support (Glanzer + Cunitz, Sperling)

- Produces testible predictions

33
Q

What is a main limitation of MSM?

A

The MSM suggests that the LTM and STM are single stores, when they are divided into separate stores. A study showed amnesiac patients procedural memories were intact but not other types of LTM

34
Q

What is a second limitation of the MSM?

A

LACK OF VALIDITY:
Studies mainly conducted in a lab (reduces ecological validity) involving psychology students, students may guess the aim of experiment which can alter behaviour

35
Q

What is the multistore model?

A

An explanation of how our memory processes work, based on the idea that there are three seperate components

36
Q

Who proposed the multistore model?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

37
Q

Where does information first arrive?

A

The sensory memory

38
Q

When information arrives at the sensory memory, what happens if attention is paid to this information?

A

It is transferred to the short term memory

39
Q

What happens if no attention is paid to the information in the sensory memory?

A

It will rapidly decay

40
Q

What state is the information in the short term memory in?

A

A fragile state

41
Q

In the short term memory, what will happen if information is not sufficiently rehearsed?

A

It will decay of be displaced by new information

42
Q

In Glanzer and Cunitz serial position effect study, why were words recalled better from the start and the ends of the list?

A

Primacy and regency effect

43
Q

Which 3 studies support the MSM?

A
  • Sperling
  • Glanzer and Cunitz
  • Case of HM
44
Q

What is a third limitation of the MSM?

A

It only takes maintenance rehearsal into account, but a study by Craik and Tulving found that elaboration rehearsal is just as important

Psychology: AM (8 decks)

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