Multi store modle of memory Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the order of the MSM?
Sensory register
attention
short term memory
rehearsal
Long term memory
what is the sensory register?
it detects all the information from the senses and records it automatically.
it then passes on information to the short term memory through paying attention
what is the coding of the sensory register?
modality specific-depends on the sense organ
what is the capacity of the sensory register?
very large
has to contain all the sensory information we receive
what is the duration of the sensory register?
very short 250 milliseconds
but each store has a different time
how is information passed to the shot term memory?
through paying attention
How is information passed from the STM to the LTM?
via rehearsal
What are the two types of rehearsal?
elaborative-linking information to information already in LTM
maintenance-repeating information
How can information be lost in the short term memory?
displacement-new information
decay-lost over time
How is information passed back from the LTM to the STM?
retrieval
What is a limitation of the MSM?
P-One limitation of the MSM is that there has been evidence to suggest that STM can be further divided.
E-For example, Shallice and Warrington studied a client with amnesia referred to as KF. KF’s STM for digits was very poor when they were read out to him. But his recall was much better when he read the digits. Further studies of KF and others showed that there could be separate types of STM stores for when info is given aloud verses read.
C-this shows that the MSM is an incomplete model of memory.
What is the supporting evidence that the STM and LTM are separate stores?
Glanzer and Cunitz:
-asked participants to free recall word lists in any order
-found that recall was much stronger for words at the start and at the end of the list
-suggests that there are separate and long term memory stores
-first words enters the LTM and so are easily recalled (primacy effect)
-most recent words bring held by STM and being recalled (recency effect)
-middle words were in STM but were displaced by later words
what is the primacy effect?
cognitive bias to remember the first piece of information we receive
What is a limitation of the MSM?
P-Another limitation of the MSM is that there has been evidence to show that rehearsal isn’t all you need to place information into LTM.
E-Craik and Watkins found that the type of rehearsal done is the deciding factor for whether or not information is placed in LTM e.g elaborate rehearsal is necessary to place information into LTM. Elaborative rehearsal is done through linking new information to information that is already within the LTM. This then means that prolonged rehearsal is not necessary for storing information in LTM. This is contradictory to what the MSM suggests as the only thing that matters about rehearsal is that it is done often which means that for the MSM maintenance rehearsal is the most effective way to store information in LTM.
C-This showcases that MSM does not fully explain how information is placed in LTM.
What is the recency effect?
cognitive bias in which pieces of information that come last are remembered more clearly than that which came first
Who created it?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
What are ‘passive stores’?
stores that hold onto information before being passed on or lost
What is the coding of STM and LTM?
STM: acoustic
LTM: semantic
What is the duration of STM and LTM?
STM:18-30 seconds, extended w elaborate rehearsal
LTM:potentially unlimited
What is the capacity of STM and LTM?
STM:7 +/- 2, can b improved by chunking
LTM: potentially unlimited
