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National 5 Biology > Multicellular Organisms > Flashcards

Multicellular Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

What is the name of the largest artery in the body found at the exit of the left ventricle?

A

Aorta

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3
Q

What are the features of an artery?

A

Blood vessel with thick muscular walls, that carries oxygenated blood at high pressure.

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4
Q

What is the name of the chambers in the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs?

A

Atrium - left and right

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5
Q

What transport oxygen, carbon dioxide glucose etc around the body?

A

The blood.

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6
Q

What part of a flower produces pollen?

A

The anther

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7
Q

What is a bronchiole?

A

Small air tubes found in the lungs that end at a cluster of alveoli.

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8
Q

What is the name of the air tubes at the end of the trachea?

A

Bronchi. Bronchus for one tube.

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9
Q

What is the name of the organ in the CNS that coordinates vital functions?

A

The brain.

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10
Q

What is the blood vessel where exchange of materials occurs?

A

The capillaries.

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11
Q

What strengthens the trachea?

A

The rings of cartilage.

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12
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous system. It consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

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13
Q

Which part of the brain controls balance and movement?

A

The cerebellum.

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14
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Memory, learning and decision making.

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15
Q

What are the small hair like structures on cells found in the trachea?

A

Cilia

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16
Q

Phloem are made up of sieve tube and what type of cells?

A

Companion cells

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17
Q

Eye colour and hair colour are what type of variation?

A

Discrete variation

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18
Q

A dominant allele will always show in an organisms….

A

Phenotype

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19
Q

Almost all cells have 2 set of chromosomes. What is this known as?

A

Diploid

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20
Q

What type of glads produce hormones

A

Endocrine glands.

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21
Q

When a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell it is known as?

A

Fertilisation

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22
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells eg sperm cells, egg cells and pollen

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23
Q

What is an organisms genotype?

A

The alleles for all genes that the organisms possesses.

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24
Q

What hormone is produced by the pancreas when blood glucose levels decrease?

A

Glucagon

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25
When blood glucose levels are high what is it converted into by insulin?
Glycogen
26
What changes shape that causes the opening and closing of stomata?
Guard cells
27
A red pigment in blood that transports oxygen as oxyhemoglobin.
Haemoglobin
28
Gametes only have 1 set of chromosomes. What is this known as?
Haploid.
29
When an organism contains 2 different alleles for a particular genes it is known as?
Heterozygous
30
When an organism contains 2 sets of the same allele it is known as?
Homozygous.
31
What hormone converts glucose to glycogen?
Insulin
32
What type of vessel in villi absorbs fats?
Lacteal
33
What provides strength and support to xylem cells?
The rings of lignin
34
What area of the brain controls processes such as heart and breathing rate?
Medulla
35
Area of a part where undifferentiated cells are found?
Meristem
36
Cells in a leaf that carry out photosynthesis.
The mesophyll cells.
37
What is the name for cell division?
Mitosis.
38
What neurone carries impulses from the CNS to the effectors such as muscle cells?
The motor neurones.
39
What substance traps dirt and bacteria in the trachea?
Mucus
40
Where are female sex cells produced?
The ovaries.
41
What organ produces the hormones insulin and glucagon?
The pancreas
42
What is peristalsis?
The muscular movement what pushes food along the digestive system.
43
What is a phenotype?
The physical characteristics possessed by an organism.
44
What transports dissolved sugar around a plant?
Phloem
45
What is a polygenic characteristic?
The inheritance of a characteristic controlled by 2 or more genes eg height.
46
What blood vessel caries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
The pulmonary artery.
47
What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary vein.
48
What is the process where pollen is transferred via the wind or animal the to stigma of another plant?
Pollination.
49
What is the name of an allele that can only be shown in the phenotype if another same allele is present?
Recessive
50
What cell in the blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen?
The red blood cells.
51
What is the reflex action?
An automatic involuntary response to a stimulus. They are protective or help maintain body processes.
52
What is the reflex arc?
A nervous pathway which controls the reflex action. It does not require input from the brain.
53
What neurone transmits impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone?
The relay neurone.
54
What is a root hair?
An extension of a plant root that increases surface area for the uptake of water and minerals from the soil.
55
What are stem cells?
They are undifferentiated cell found in animals. They can divide into more stem cells or specialised cells. There are 2 types, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
56
What is the pore found on the bottom of a leaf that is controlled by guard cells?
Stoma
57
What is the name of the gap between neurones?
A synapse
58
What male organ produces sperm?
The testes.
59
What is transpiration?
Water loss from the leaves of a plant.
60
What stops the back flow of blood in the heart and veins?
Valves
61
Describe continuous variation.
Difference in a characteristic which are found on a range or scale between minimum and maximum values eg height or mass.
62
Describe discrete variation.
Differences in a characteristic which can be placed into a group eg blood group or tongue rolling.
63
What is the name of the small projections in the lining of the small intestine?
Villi
64
What vessels carry water in a plant?
Xylem vessels.
65
What is the name of a fertilised egg?
A zygote.
66
Different forms of a particular gene describes an?
Allele

National 5 Biology (3 decks)

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