Multiple Choice Flashcards
(41 cards)
How long can norovirus survive on contaminated surfaces?
A) Hours to days
B) Weeks to months
C) Years
D) It does not survive on surfaces
A) Hours to days
What is the recommended method for preventing norovirus infection?
A) Getting a flu shot
B) Using hand sanitizer regularly
C) Practicing good hand hygiene and proper food handling
D) Wearing a mask in public places
C) Practicing good hand hygiene and proper food handling
Which of the following settings is most commonly associated with norovirus outbreaks?
A) Public swimming pools
B) Public transportation
C) Schools and daycare centers
D) Movie theaters
C) Schools and daycare centers
What are the typical symptoms of norovirus infection?
A) High fever and rash
B) Severe headache and fatigue
C) Diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps
D) Cough and shortness of breath
C) Diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps
How is norovirus primarily transmitted?
A) Mosquito bites
B) Contaminated food and water
C) Skin-to-skin contact
D) Airborne respiratory droplets
B) Contaminated food and water
What is the best way to prevent mumps?
A) Taking antiviral medications
B) Isolation of infected individuals
C) Vaccination with the MMR vaccine
D) Practicing good hand hygiene
C) Vaccination with the MMR vaccine
Which group of individuals is most at risk of developing complications from mumps, such as orchitis or meningitis?
A) Infants
B) Adolescents and adults
C) School-aged children
D) Older adults
B) Adolescents and adults
At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine, which includes protection against mumps, typically administered?
A) 2 months
B) 6 months
C) 12 to 15 months
D) 4 to 6 years
C) 12 to 15 months
What are the common symptoms of mumps?
A) Skin rash and joint pain
B) High fever, sore throat, and cough
C) Swelling of the salivary glands, fever, and headache
D) Diarrhea and abdominal pain
C) Swelling of the salivary glands, fever, and headache
What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps?
A) Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
B) Ingestion of contaminated food
C) Airborne respiratory droplets
D) Vector-borne transmission
C) Airborne respiratory droplets
Which group of individuals is at a higher risk of developing severe Legionellosis?
A) Young adults
B) Children under 5 years old
C) Older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems
D) Pregnant women
C) Older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems
What are the typical symptoms of Legionellosis?
A) Rash and joint pain
B) High fever, cough, and shortness of breath
C) Diarrhea and vomiting
D) Muscle cramps and headache
B) High fever, cough, and shortness of breath
Legionellosis is caused by which bacterium?
A) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
B) Legionella pneumophila
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B) Legionella pneumophila
Which of the following is a common environmental source of Legionellosis outbreaks?
A) Mosquitoes
B) Contaminated vegetables
C) Air conditioning systems
D) Direct contact with an infected person
C) Air conditioning systems
What is the primary mode of transmission for Legionellosis?
A) Person-to-person contact
B) Contaminated food
C) Inhalation of aerosolized water droplets
D) Vector-borne transmission
C) Inhalation of aerosolized water droplets
Which organ is most severely affected by Yellow Fever?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Heart
B) Liver
Rationale: Yellow Fever primarily affects the liver, leading to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and other liver-related symptoms. While it can also affect other organs, the liver is the most severely impacted.
What is the most effective way to prevent Yellow Fever?
A) Wearing long-sleeved clothing
B) Using insect repellent
C) Avoiding travel to endemic areas
D) Vaccination
D) Vaccination
Rationale: The most effective way to prevent Yellow Fever is through vaccination with the Yellow Fever vaccine. While wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent can help reduce the risk of mosquito bites, vaccination is the primary preventive measure.
Which regions of the world are at highest risk for Yellow Fever transmission?
A) North America
B) Europe
C) Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America
D) Southeast Asia
C) Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America
Rationale: Yellow Fever is endemic in certain regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America. It is not commonly found in North America, Europe, or Southeast Asia.
Which of the following is a common symptom of Yellow Fever?
A) Joint pain and swelling
B) Skin rash
C) Persistent cough
D) Toothache
A) Joint pain and swelling
Rationale: Joint pain and swelling are common symptoms of Yellow Fever, along with fever, muscle pain, and other flu-like symptoms. Skin rash, persistent cough, and toothache are not typical symptoms of Yellow Fever.
What is the primary mode of transmission for Yellow Fever?
A) Direct contact with an infected person
B) Mosquito bites
C) Contaminated water consumption
D) Airborne droplets
B) Mosquito bites
Rationale: Yellow Fever is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes. It is not transmitted through direct contact, contaminated water, or airborne droplets.
What are the common symptoms of botulism?
a) High fever and skin rash
b) Diarrhea and vomiting
c) Muscle weakness, blurred vision, and difficulty swallowing
d) Runny nose and cough
c) Muscle weakness, blurred vision, and difficulty swallowing
Which bacterium is responsible for producing the botulinum toxin in botulism cases?
a) Salmonella
b) Listeria
c) Clostridium botulinum
d) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
c) Clostridium botulinum
What is the primary source of botulism toxin in foodborne botulism?
a) Bacterial spores
b) Mold contamination
c) Viral contamination
d) Chemical additives
a) Bacterial spores
Which preventive measure can help reduce the risk of Brucellosis?
a) Drinking unpasteurized milk
b) Handling infected animals without protection
c) Consuming raw meat
d) Pasteurizing dairy products and practicing good hygiene
d) Pasteurizing dairy products and practicing good hygiene
