Multiple choice Flashcards
(25 cards)
Science of sport and exercise psychology
A process or method of learning about the world
Theory
The ultimate goal of the science of sport and exercise psychology.
A set of interrelated facts presenting a systematic view of some phenomenon in order to describe, explain and predict its future occurrences
Theory derives from the following:
Describing
Explaining
Predicting
Controlling
Study vs experiments
Study - investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way
experiment - investigator manipulates variables while observing them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect changes in others
Strengths and limitations of scientifically derived knowledge
Strenghts - highly reliable, systematic and controlled
Limitations - often slow to evolve, lack of focus on external validity
Strengths and limitations of professional practice knowledge
Strenghts - hollistic, innovative
Limitations - less reliable, greater suspectibility to bias
What does the RE-AIM model of knowledge interaction stand for
Reach
Efficacy
Adoption
Implementation
Maintenance
Science of coaching
Teaching focuses on using general scientific principles
Art of coaching
Teaching is knowing when and how to individualise these general principles
Psychophysiological Orientation
Examines underlying psychophysiological
processes of the brain as causes of behavior
Social–Psychological Orientation
Behavior is determined by a complex interaction of
the social environment and the personal makeup of
the athlete or exerciser.
* Example: How a leader’s or coach’s style and
strategies foster group cohesion
Cognitive–Behavioral Orientation
Behavior is determined by both the environment and
thoughts (cognitions).
* Example: Studying differences in confidence and
anxiety among tennis players with or without burnout
What 3 elements make up the structure of personality?
Psychological core
Typical responses
Role related behaviour
Psychodynamic Approach
Behavior is determined by several
unconscious, constantly changing
factors that often conflict with one
another.
Weakness of Psychodynamic Approach
Focuses almost entirely on internal determinants of behavior, giving little attention to
the social environment
Elements of the big 5 model of personality
Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientousness
Athletes who play high-risk sports and team sports score higher on
___________ and lower on __________ than do athletes who play
low-risk sports and individual sports.
Extroversion and conscientiousness were _________ correlated with
physical activity levels
Neuroticism was _________ related to physical activity.
Athletes who play high-risk sports and team sports score higher on
extroversion and lower on conscientiousness than do athletes who play low-risk sports and individual sports.
Extroversion and conscientiousness were positively correlated with
physical activity levels
Neuroticism was negatively related to physical activity.
Situational Approach
Behaviour is determined largely by the situation or environment.
e.g. An athlete who is normally quiet and shy
is likely to run towards an ecstatic crowd
screaming if he scored the winning
penalty
Weakness of situational approach
- Situation will not always influence individual behavior
- an individual’s traits must also be considered
Interactional Approach
Behaviour is determined by both the person and the situational factors
as well as by their interaction
The majority of contemporary sport and exercise psychologists favor the
interactional approach
There are no weaknesses of this appraoch
Phenomenological Approach
Behaviour is best determined by accounting for situational and personal
characteristics
A person’s understanding and interpretation of oneself and
environment are critical
There are no weaknesses of this approach
Integrative or Biopsychosocial Approach
To understand personality, a
“whole person” perspective is
required, wherein one needs to
consider the dynamic interaction
of:
* biological factors
* dispositional traits
* adaptations one makes to situations
* and self-defined life stories or
narratives
What is the direction of effort
whether an individual seeks
out, approaches, or is attracted to situations
What is the intensity of effort
how much effort an
individual puts forth in a situation.
