Multiple Choice

Question 1

A ____ locus exhibits more variation than is expected by mutation.

Answer 1

Polymorphic

Question 2

Genotypes are said to be in _____ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.

Answer 2

Hardy-Weinberg

Question 3

A restriction in genetic variability caused by a drastic reduction in population size is called a ____.

Answer 3

Bottleneck

Question 4

Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs in an environment by _____________________

Answer 4

Favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive an reproduce.

Question 5

When selection acts to eliminate one extreme from an array of phenotypes it is called______

Answer 5

directional selection

Question 6

Cheetahs have been through a genetic bottleneck;evidence for this is that _________.

Answer 6

There is very little genetic variability.

Question 7

The text discusses sickle-cell anemia, which is a classic example of ______.

Answer 7

Heterozygote advantage

Question 8

Natural selection varies the shape of the beaks among Darwin’s finches in response to: ____________

Answer 8

The available food supply.

Question 9

Industrial melanism is a term__

Answer 9

Describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection.

Question 10

The shape of the beaks of Darwin’s finches and industrial melanism are often cited as examples of ___________ leading to evolutionary change.

Answer 10

Natural selection

Question 11

Domestication of dogs has led to _

Answer 11

A variety of phenotypes

Question 12

Considerably more phenotypic variation exists in domesticated varieties of species like dogs and cabbages than exists in non-domesticated species like lions and maple trees. What is a statement that explains why it’s true?

Answer 12

Many domesticated varieties would not survive the natural world.

Question 13

Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture. ONe of the most highly artificially selected crop plant is ___

Answer 13

Corn

Question 14

What features of Archaeopteryx clearly demonstrate that it was one the evolutionary line leading from dinosaurs to bird?

Answer 14

Feathers

Question 15

Many organisms processes structures that have no apparent function, but they resemble structures of presumed ancestors. These structures are known as_

Answer 15

Vestigial structures

Question 16

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called ______.

Answer 16

Derived characters

Question 17

Looking at the differences in protein-encoding gene sequences between humans and chimpanzees:_______

Answer 17

There is less than 1% difference

Question 18

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR) genes in Humans ____________

Answer 18

Have been inactivated, reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates.

Question 19

Another name for analogous structures is _________ structures

Answer 19

Homoplastic

Question 20

The age of the earth according to modern estimations is

Answer 20

4.5 billion years.

Question 21

The oldest microfossils are of _______

Answer 21

Prokaryotes

Question 22

Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts by

Answer 22

Endosymbiosis.

Question 23

What is the correct order from largest to smallest of taxonomy levels? Start with the third level.

Answer 23

Class, order, family genus species.

Question 24

Lacking one of the criteria to be strictly classified as living units and containing fragments of eukaryotic genomes, the viruses are included with ___________

Answer 24

None of the kingdoms.

Question 25

Most viruses form a capsid around their nucleic acid core. The capsid is composed of a(n) _______

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

The HIV virus is considered a(n)_____ virus, because after getting integrated into the host cell chromosomes, it does not begin replicating immediately.

Answer 26

Latent

Question 27

Viruses are not characterized by _

Answer 27

Being capable of independent reproduction

Question 28

If a virus enters the lytic phase in a host’s cell, it will cause __

Answer 28

The host cell to burst because there will be so many viral particles present

Question 29

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions, they form thick walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm. They structures are called ________

Answer 29

Endospores

Question 30

Prokaryotes undergo a process that produces cells that are identical. This process is called

Answer 30

Binary fission

Question 31

What characteristic do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common

Answer 31

Contain ribosomes

Question 32

Amoebas move from place to place by means of their

Answer 32

Pseudopods

Question 33

Organisms that are characterized by being unicellular, photosynthetic and having a double shell made of silica are known as

Answer 33

Diatoms

Question 34

Tropical diseases such as African Sleeping sickness, Chagas’ disease and leishmaniasis are caused by _______.

Answer 34

Trypanosomes

Question 35

Protists are classified into a single kingdom because why?

Answer 35

They are eukaryotes, but not fungi, plants, or animals.

Question 36

The limestone making up the famous landmark in England, the White Cliffs of Dover, are the pore-studded shells (tests) of ___

Answer 36

Foraminifera

Question 37

Plants lacking well developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts have been called _____.

Answer 37

Bryophytes

Question 38

Bryophytes,like ferns and certain other non tracheophyte plants require_

Answer 38

Water to reproduce sexually

Question 39

The colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts which anchor them the substrate are called ______

Answer 39

Rhizoids

Question 40

What is the name of tissues that transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?

Answer 40

Xylem

Question 41

Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts ofthe plant by the cells of ______.

Answer 41

Phloem

Question 42

Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the

Answer 42

Sporophyte generation

Question 43

Angiosperms are primarily not characterized by

Answer 43

Free water is required for pollination

Question 44

Endosperm, the nutritive tissue of the fruit, is the product of a(n) __

Answer 44

Sperm and polar nuclei union

Question 45

Specialized symbiotic associations between the roots of plants and fungi are called

Answer 45

Mycorrhizae

Question 46

The cell walls of fungi are made up of polysaccharides and ______

Answer 46

Chitin

Question 47

The most economically useful unicellular fungi are

Answer 47

Yeasts

Question 48

LIchens are adversely affected by _____

Answer 48

Pollution

Question 49

Protostomes develop through ________

Answer 49

Spiral cleavage

Question 50

What is not true about animals?

Answer 50

They were some of the first organisms on the earth

Question 51

Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells whose beating drives water through the body cavity . These specialized cells are known as_____________

Answer 51

Choanocytes

Question 52

Most species of tapeworms live in _______

Answer 52

Intestines of vertebrates

Question 53

Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder afflicting humans mainly in tropical regions: it is caused by a ________.

Answer 53

Fluke

Question 54

The long, flat bodies of tapeworms are made up of repeating segments known as __________

Answer 54

Proglottids

Question 55

The human disease, trichinosis, is contracted through

Answer 55

Eating undercooked or raw pork

Question 56

What grouping includes animals is referred to as “wheel animals”?

Answer 56

Rotifera

Question 57

What does the phylum Porifera not have?

Answer 57

Tissues and organs

Question 58

The mollusks group don’t include______

Answer 58

Shrimps

Question 59

The nitrogenous waste in mollusks is removed by_________

Answer 59

Nephridia

Question 60

Each segment of an annelid typically contains bristles of chitin called _______

Answer 60

Chaetae

Question 61

Reproduction in the earthworm involves ________________________________

Answer 61

Cross-fertilization between two hermaphroditic organisms.

Question 62

In some arthropods tagmatization has produced a combination of head and thorax is known as :___________________________

Answer 62

Cephalothorax

Question 63

In arthropods, locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against __________

Answer 63

The exoskeleton

Question 64

Compound eyes are composed of independent visual units called__________

Answer 64

Ommatidia

Question 65

Air passage into the trachea of most insects is controlled by the closing and opening of valves, which operate special openings called____

Answer 65

Spiracles

Question 66

An invertebrate biologist is conducting research with crabs. Her interest is ecdysis. This implies that she studies _________.

Answer 66

The molting process

Question 67

MOst bony fishes have a hard plate that covers the gills on each side of the head called the________

Answer 67

Operculum

Question 68

Birds, like mammals, can regulate their body temperature within close limits. Therefore birds and mammals are called _________

Answer 68

Endothermic

Question 69

In addition to a vertebral column, all vertebrates have ___________

Answer 69

A distinctive head or skull

Question 70

Amphibians are thought to have evolved from__________

Answer 70

Lobe-finned fish

Question 71

Amphibians are not completely free to live on dry land because ______________

Answer 71

Their reproduction depends on water

Question 72

Because of it's association with tools, the earliest human was called __________, meaning “handy man”

Answer 72

Homo habilis

Question 73

The European Neanderthals were replaced about 34,000 years ago by_________

Answer 73

Cro-Magnons

Question 74

What has the longest fossil record?

Answer 74

Homo erectus

Question 75

What is not about loose connective tissue?

Answer 75

Chondroitin

Question 76

In adult vertebrates, what is not one of four principal kinds of primary tissues

Answer 76

Supportive

Question 77

Mammalian thermoregulation depends on monitoring of blood temperature by the __________

Answer 77

Hypothalamus

Question 78

Bone cells can remain alive even though the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with crystals of calcium ________.

Answer 78

Osteocyte

Question 79

What are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layer”?

Answer 79

Mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm

Question 80

What connective tissue has a matrix that is fluid?

Answer 80

Blood

Question 81

If you find epithelial tissue that has many layers and the apical surface is flattened with irregular edges, this would be classified as _______.

Answer 81

Stratified squamous

Question 82

What two type of muscle types are striated ?

Answer 82

Skeletal and cardiac