multiple choice and matching Flashcards
(222 cards)
1
Q
what significant things happen in the British empire in 1834
A
slavery abolished
2
Q
What was passed in the House of Representatives and the Senate, that
“automatically postpones all petitions relating to slavery”?
A
gag rule
3
Q
What are the 4 parts of the Compromise of 1850?
A
1) California enters union as a free state
2) new Mexican territory status chosen by ppl who live there
3) slave trade abolished in Washington dc
4) fugitive slave laws
4
Q
What are the 2 important parts of the Dred Scott Decision?
A
1) blacks are not US citizens
2) slaveholders have the right to take existing slaves into free areas of the country
5
Q
In the election of 1860, who is elected president?
A
Abraham Licoln
6
Q
What is the first state to secede from the Union? What date do they secede from the Union?
A
South Carolina
december 20 1860
7
Q
when does the attack on fort sumpter start exactly
A
April 12th 1861 at 4:30
8
Q
what are the last 4 states to secede from the union
A
Virginia, Arkansas, north Carolina, Tennessee
9
Q
what is the norths reason for fighting at the start of the civil war
A
to preserve the union
10
Q
What is the Confederacy’s reason for fighting at the start of the Civil War?
A
to defend homeland
11
Q
What city was the capital of the Confederacy moved to in May of 1861?
A
Richmond VA
12
Q
What are the 2 parts of the Confederate strategy at the beginning of the Civil War?
A
1) to get every last drop of king cotton
2) best offence is defense
13
Q
Lincoln convinces the Northerners that ________________________________ depended on preserving the Union.
A
democracy
14
Q
What does Lincoln order the Union army to do in the summer of 1861?
A
an invasion of the south
15
Q
Where is Fort Sumter located?
A
in the harbor of Charleston in North Carolina
16
Q
What important invention increased the profitability and production of cotton?
A
cotton gin
17
Q
why did the union want control of the rivers in Kentucky?
A
to invade the south
18
Q
what is the last state to secede from the union
A
Tennessee
19
Q
what is the exact date for firing on fort sumpter?
A
April 12th 1861
20
Q
why is it important for the union to keep Maryland as a union state?
A
it holds the capital in Washington dc
we don’t want to lose it
21
Q
what are the two reasons that the confederacy strategy at the outset of the war failed
A
1) Europe already had a surplus of cotton
2) European countries didn’t want to be involved in the war
22
Q
what causes the state of Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennesse to secede from tHe US
A
UIAEFG UIA THiS IS TAKING FOREVERr
Lincoln calls for 75.000 militia men
23
Q
who is in command of the confederate forces at the first battle of mull run/Manassas
A
General PG Beaugard
24
Q
what are the two reasons that the unions initial strategy from general Winfield Scott failed
A
1) unorganized retreat
2) tangled up with civilians
25
explain why the phrase " Cotton king" is important and its meaning
- it was important for in the world market
- south supplied a large portion of the worlds cotton
- used cotton trade to win support in war
26
textile mills:
created cloth, fabrics, clothing, ect
27
blockade:
armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or ppl into or out of an area
28
why is a rifle better than a musket and whats the difference
rifle: barrel with grooves which makes the bullets spin. more accuracy and speed
musket: smooth barrel
29
who takes control of the confederate army after general albert Johnson is killed during the battle of Shiloh
General PGT Beaugard
29
who is famous for saying “find out where your enemy is, get at him as soon as you can, strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving”?
Ulysses s. Grant
30
who had 3 horses shot out from under him in the battle of shiloh
William Tecumseh Sherman
30
Why is the battle of the Monitor vs. Merrimack important/significant? How long does the battle of the Monitor vs. Merrimack last?
-it's the first ironclad battle
-4 hours of bombardment
30
In February of 1862, with the aid of Union ironclad gunboats, what two forts fall to Union control?
1) fort henry (Tennessee river)
2) fort Donelson (Columbia River)
31
what happens in Nashville, when they hear that the union army is coming by river
people flee
32
what are the four reasons that general Robert E. lee decides to take the war into the North instead of staying defensive
1)victory in the north would make Lincoln talk peace
2) VA farmers rest from war during harvest season
3) show confederates could win war
4) help convince European nation to side with north
33
who takes command of the confederate army in June of 1862 shortly before the 7 days battle
Robert E. Lee
34
What is the name for the important new form of ammunition, used throughout the Civil war
MINIE BALL
34
what is the goal for the south in gaining big victories over the union
make Lincoln peace talk
34
what 2 countries did southern hope to manipulate into joining their side in the war
1) Brittan
2) france
35
what is the only city on the Mississippi that stands in the way of the union having complete control of the Mississippi river, after Ferraguts and grants important victories
Vicksburg
36
what is the date for the battle of Antietam? what critical error does McClellan fail to do after the battle of Antietam? what is important about the battle of Antietam? how does Lincoln respond to McClellan's mistake
1) SEPTEMBER 17/ 1862
2)he had a chance to stop lee but failed
3) bloodiest day in all of American history
4)fires McClellan
37
what battle is the bloodiest day in American history
Antiedam
38
who has been pressuring Lincoln to emancipate the enslaved people in the south
Abolishonists
39
when was the Emancipation Proclamation issue
January 1st 1863
40
in the spring of 1863 what was Abraham Lincolns main opposition in the union
copperheads
41
what is the name for the important constitutional right Lincoln suspends, the right that prevents the gov from holding citizens without trial
hebeas corpus
42
why did Lincoln wait to push for the Emancipation Proclamation until after Antiedam
waited until he was in a position of strength
43
what term is defined as "to set free"
emancipate
44
how did union soldiers feel about the Emancipation Proclamation
welcomed it
happy to support anything "to destroy everything that gives the rebels strength"
45
who did not believe that he had the power, under the constitution, to abolish slavery where it already existed
Lincoln
46
what did Lincoln believe was the first priority of the union
to preserve the union
47
when did the Confederacy start drafting soldiers
spring of 1862
48
by spring of 1863 what had already happened to all able-bodied white men between the ages of 18-45 in the confederacy
had all been drafted
49
What are the 2 different ways that someone could get out of being drafted in the Confederacy?
1) having more than 20 slaves
2) wealthy men could have a substitute in their place
50
Because it was easier for rich men to avoid the draft (get out of being drafted) what is the phrase that became popular to describe the Civil War in the South?
rich man's war, but a poor man's fight
51
What did the Union offer as an incentive for men to volunteer for the war instead of waiting to be drafted?
cash payments
52
What important thing happens in the Union in July of 1863 because of people’s displeasure with the draft?
new your city draft riots
53
In the Union overall the war production boosted Northern economy and industry, but what was the long-term effect of the war on the economy/industry
industry replaced farming as basis for national economy
54
17. What is the nickname given to the new type of currency (money) produced by the Union in 1862 AND why is it given this nickname?
greenbacks
their color Duh
55
What are the two benefits of the new currency being produced in the Union?
1)ensured ppl had money to spend
2)helped union to pay for the war
56
What is the goal of slave resistance and sabotage in the south?
hurt southern economy
57
What drew the Confederate Army toward the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania? (What were they trying to find?)
supply of shoes
58
General George Meade is put in charge of the Union Army how long before the start of the Battle of Gettysburg?
3 days before
59
What three things does Lee hope to accomplish by continuing to push North even after the loss of General Stonewall Jackson?
1) fuel northern disconnect in the war
2) bring calls for peace
3) get potential foreign aid
60
General Buford is in charge of what specific part of the Union army?
cavalry
61
What are General Buford and his men attempting to “deprive” the enemy of, by holding the enemy up and fighting them on their (confederates) approach to Gettysburg?
the "high ground"
62
What is the name of the deadly type of artillery fire that Lee’s men march into during Pickett’s charge?
cannon and musket fire
63
What is the last major confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River?
vicksburg
64
Where does Robert E. Lee command Pickett to attack?
middle of union line
65
What are the 3 important results from the Union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg?
1) turns favor of North
2) Britain gave up all thought of supporting the south
3) Lincoln finds general willing to fight Lee - Ulysses s. grant
66
Who is named the commander of the Union Armies in March of 1864?
Ulysses S. Grant
67
Why does the Confederate Army attack the Union forces at Little Round Top? What are they trying to accomplish?
they want to flank them and kill them
68
What important city in Georgia does Sherman capture in September 1864?
Atlanta
69
What three things does Sherman’s troops do on their “March to the Sea”?
1) tear up rail lines
2) destroy crops
3) burned & looted
70
Who is famous for saying, “Whatever happens, we will not retreat”?
Grant
71
How long does the siege of Richmond last?
12 months
72
What important thing happens at Appomattox Court House? On what specific date did this happen?
1) Lee & Grant meet to arrange surrender
2) April 9th 1865
73
What are the two generous terms of surrender that Grant offers to Lee?
1) could return home in peace
2) keep private possessions & horse
74
What political group wanted to make the South pay for the war & worked to give African Americans full freedom?
radical republicans
75
What did the Thirteenth Amendment do?
abolished slavery in the US
76
What is the name of the organization in which “white southerners committed violent acts against African Americans” starting during the time of Reconstruction in the South?
ku klux klan
77
What is the name for laws that limited the freedoms of African Americans in the South?
black codes
78
What group, established in 1865, provided relief for all poor people (black and white) in the South?
Freedmans Barea
79
What does the Fourteenth Amendment do?
gave citizenship & equal protection to ppl born or naturalized in the US
80
How many districts did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 divide the South into?
5 military districts
81
What did the Fifteenth Amendment do?
gave African American men the right to vote
82
What did the Freedman’s Bureau work to establish?
provided relief for all poor ppl in the south
83
What did Radical Republicans demand and what was the aim of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
full and equal citizenship for African Americans
84
Who are the two nominees for the Election of 1876?
Samuel J. Triden (dem) vs Rutherford B. hayes (rep)
85
What are two reasons that industries are drawn to cities during the Industrial Revolution in America?
1) good transportation
2) plentiful workers
86
What was the center for immigration to the USA from Europe?
Ellis's island
87
What was the center for immigration to the USA from Asia?
Angel island
88
What three things did immigrants bring to America that changed American culture?
1)languages
2)food
3) music
89
What is the definition of the term assimilation?
new immigrants blended into American society
90
What is Plessey vs. Ferguson? What happened? What did the courts decide? Why is it important?
sued railroad company
he argued they violated14th amendment
court ruled against Plessy
91
What kind of jobs did immigrants to the United States often take?
tough and dangerous jobs
92
What is the first city to have a transportation system powered by electricity?
Richmond VA
93
For most immigrants to the United States, where did the process of assimilation start?
@ work
94
What types of classes did employers offer workers because they wanted to Americanize them?
citizenship & English classes
95
What did Southern states begin to do at the end of Reconstruction?
grandfather clause
96
Where did factory production in the US spread from and from what industry?
new England textile industry
97
How much did the population of the United States increase between 1860 – 1900?
31.5 million - 76 million
98
What are the THREE improved means of transportation available during the Industrial Revolution in the United States?
1) steamboats
2) canals
3) railroads
99
What did increased immigration to the United States filled the need for?
labor needs for growth of industry
100
What is a patent?
document of giving an inventor exclusive right to make and sell their invention for a specific # of years
101
What was considered the “backbone” of industry in America?
steel
102
What is defined as “a machine that produces electrical current”?
generator
103
What was Thomas Edison’s greatest invention?
practical electrical lighting
104
What is the name for the new process of making steel that drastically cut the cost of making steel?
Bessmer steel process
105
What railroad company started in Sacramento, CA and built east?
central pacific railroad
106
What was the main use of steel in Industrial America?
rails for expanded railroads
107
What industry “gave people more control over their environment”?
railroads
108
Thomas Edison received more than how many patents from the US Government?
1,000
109
The Central Pacific railroad hired what type (nationality) of workers?
Chinese
110
What linked the economies of Western and Southern America?
railroad
111
In 1882, what city did Edison install a half-mile square area of electric lights?
NYC
112
What railroad company started in Omaha, NE and built west?
Union pacific railroad
113
Which railroad laid more miles of track: the Central Pacific Railroad or the Union Pacific Railroad? __________________
Union Pacific
114
By the end of the 1880s, how many light bulbs was Edison’s factory producing each year?
1 million
115
The Union Pacific railroad hired what type (nationality) of workers?
irish
116
What affect did the railroad have on Native Americans?
Buffalo died and there ppl lost grip on land
117
What is defined as “a company that wipes out its competitors and controls an industry”?
monopoly
118
In what city did the Central Pacific railroad & the Union Pacific railroad get joined together to form the Transcontinental Railroad?
promontory Utah
119
Where is Alexander Graham Bell from? What did he do before inventing the telephone?
Scottish
taught deaf students in Boston
120
What is a telegraph?
uses electrical impulses to send messages
121
The Bessemer Steel Process requires how much coal compared to old methods?
1/7th coal
122
In what year did Rockefeller build his first refinery?
1863
123
Who decided that the best way to make money was to “put his competitors out of business”?
John. D Rockefeller
124
What is a trust?
legal body created to hold stocks in many companies
125
What is the name of the trust that Rockefeller created?
standard oil trust
126
By 1880, what percent of America’s oil was owned by Rockefeller?
90-95 percent
127
What are the two reasons that people argued that monopolies were unfair?
1) charged excessively high prices
2) hurt the economy
128
How did Carnegie beat out his competition?
make best and cheapest product
129
How was Carnegie able to make the best and cheapest product?
controlled process needed to make steel
130
Who did Carnegie sell his steel industry to in 1901?
JP morgan (in 1901)
131
What is a philanthropist?
ppl who give large sums of money to charities
132
What are the two effects of the Standard Oil Trust controlling 95% of the oil industry in America?
1) raise prices for oil
2) public had to pay that price
133
What two important areas of influence did Big Corporations gain power over?
economy and government
134
What are the two things that reformers during Progressivism believed in? _
1) BASIC good of ppl 2) democracy
135
What did the muckrakers help to create demand for?
reform
136
What two things did the Pendleton Civil Service Act do?
1) required ppl to take service exams for certain gov. jobs
2) prevented elected officials from firing service workers for political reasons
137
What did the Sherman Antitrust Act do?
Made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts
138
Why did the government not enforce the Sherman Antitrust Act at first? What did they need?
They required a strong president
139
When was William McKinley assassinated?
Sept 14 1901
140
Theodore Roosevelt was elected as governor of what state?
New York
141
What did the Pendleton Civil Service Act require? What did it prevent?
It required service exams for certain government jobs, prevented elected officials to fire social workers for political reasons
142
What did Theodore Roosevelt see government as?
An empire
143
Who is the first progressive president?
Theodore Roosevelt
144
. Where did Theodore Roosevelt gain fame?
Fighting in the Spanish-American War
145
Theodore Roosevelt was chosen as whose Vice-Presidential candidate?
McKinley
146
What did Roosevelt use to help him make reforms in government?
Public opinion
147
Theodore Roosevelt believed what should be regulated for the public interest?
Business
148
What did Roosevelt use to root out “crookedness” in government?
Sherman Antitrust Act
149
What is the first industry trust that the government under Roosevelt seeks to break up?
Railroad trust
150
What book, written by Upton Sinclair, caused President Roosevelt to launch an investigation into the meat packing industry in the United States?
“The Jungle”
151
Approximately how many acres of public land did Roosevelt help to preserve?
200 mil
152
Who famously said “I aimed at the public’s heart, and by accident I hit them in the stomach”?
Sinclair
153
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle pushed/influenced Theodore Roosevelt to investigate and have the government begin to regulate what industry?
Meat packing industry
154
Why did Theodore Roosevelt not push for the civil rights of African Americans?
He didn’t want to take the political risk to fight for civil rights
155
Progressivism:
Rapid growth of cities and industries at the turn of the century
156
Muckrakers:
New group of writers who began to expose corruption in American society
157
Patronage:
Handing out government jobs and contracts in return for political support
158
Sherman Antitrust Act:
Made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts
159
Meat Inspection Act:
Government meat inspection program
160
Pure Food and Drug Act:
Banned the sale of impure food and medicine
161
Conservation:
Controlling how Americans natural resources were used
162
Who was hand-picked to be Theodore Roosevelt’s successor?
William h Taft
163
Which amendment “gave Congress the power to create income taxes”?
16th Amendment
164
What was the goal of the 16th amendment?
To provide a means of spending
165
Which amendment “prohibited the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages”?
18th
166
William Howard Taft’s progressive reforms addressed what three progressive goals?
Democracy, social welfare, and Economic reform
167
Who won the election of 1912?
Woodrow Wilson
168
Which amendment “provided for the direct election of US Senators by voters”?
17th
169
Before the 17th Amendment, what was another common name for the Senate?
Senators
170
. In what year was the 18th Amendment ratified?
1912
171
What did the Clayton Antitrust Act do?
Laid down rules forbidding business practices that lessened competition
172
Who believed that “bigness” itself was dangerous?
Wilson
173
Before the 17th Amendment, who had chosen the U.S. Senators?
State legislators
174
. Monopolies:
Groups that sought complete control over industry
175
What act made labor tactics like strikes, picketing, and boycotting legal?
Clayton Act
176
Supporters of the 18th Amendment argued that liquor caused an increase in what two things?
Unemployment and violence
177
Why were Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and other countries in Europe competing for colonies in Africa and Asia?
178
. What were the major powers in Europe focused on building up in the decades leading up to World War I?
Armies and navies
179
What countries are a part of the CENTRAL powers?
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
180
Europe was experiencing tension in what specific area leading up to the start of WWI?
Balkans
181
Leading up to World War I, what were many European countries are working to prove?
That their nation was the best
182
What is the name for the system of alliance that binds Russia, France, and Britain together?
Allied powers
183
What is the name of the important Austrian leader who was assassinated in Sarajevo?
Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand
184
What is the name of the Serbian group, that gave weapons to the nationalist group “Young Bosnia”, which were eventually used to attack an Austrian leader?
Serbia
185
What kind of warfare is used during WWI?
Chemical warfare
186
What battle lasted 4 months, resulting in some 1.2 million casualties (dead & wounded)?
Somme
187
What area in 1914 is a tangled mess of competing alliances?
Europe
188
What country angers Serbia by annexing Bosnia?
Austria-Hungary
189
What major country does Serbia have an alliance with?
Russia
190
What are the three reasons that Austria-Hungary felt it must respond to the attack on the Archduke?
To maintain its credibility as a force in the Balkan region; maintain its status as a great power; and enforce their authority in light of such an audacious crime
191
In the decades leading up to World War I, had European countries grown very nationalistic?
Yes
192
What is the date that the Austrian Archduke and his wife are assassinated?
June 28, 1914
193
What is the definition of nationalism?
desire to win quick honor and glory for their country
194
Who is Gavril Princip? What does his do that make him important? What group is he a part of?
he was a 19 year old who assassinated archduke franz ferdinand and sophie and was part of the young bosnians
195
What is definition of militarism?
belief that a nation needs a large military force
196
What two political leaders meet in June of 1914 to discuss the rising tension in the Balkans?
kaiser william of germany and austrian archduke franz ferdinand
197
What are the 3 demands that Austria-Hungary has for Serbia, after the assassination of the Austrian Archduke? _______
must take steps to wipe out terrorist organizations within their borders; supress anti-austrian propoganda; allow independent investigation by austria-hungarian government
198
What is the name of the Austrian Archduke’s wife?
sophie
199
How old is the assassin that killed the Austrian Archduke and his wife?
19
200
How long did Austria-Hungary wait after delivering their ultimatum to Serbia until they declared war on Serbia? ______
5 days
201
Who supplied weapons and explosives to the group “Young Bosnia”?
the black hand serbian terrorist group
202
When Austria-Hungary issues their ultimatum to Serbia, who does Serbia turn to for help?
russia
203
What is the date the Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia?
july 28 1914
204
What two significant things does Germany do, after they hear of general mobilization of Russia’s army? _____________
declare war on russia and launch an attack
205
What specifically draws Great Britain into World War 1?
Belgium had an alliance with Britain
206
What are the conditions in the trenches during World War I like?
wet, rat-infested, threat of sniper fire
207
Who is president of the United States during the start of World War I?
woodrow wilson
208
What “shifted public opinion in favor of the Allied cause” in America?
german attacks
209
What FOUR things cause the United States to get involved in World War I?
the sinking of the lusitania, unrestricted submarine warfare resurrected, zimmerman telegram, and in march German submarines sink 3 american ships
210
What significant thing happens in March of 1917 in Russia? How does it affect the Allied powers and World War I? ____
czar nicholas II is forced to step down
211
Germany launches an attack in March of 1918 – what are the desperate to do?
to end the war before Americans get involved
212
How many US soldiers are sent to fight in World War I?
one million
213
What three things did the American troops show up with?
chocolate, cigarettes, and a kick butt attitude
214
What significant things happens in early November of 1918 in the German navy?
215
When exactly did all fighting from World War I stop?
november 11, 1918 at 11 am
216
What is the name of the treaty that ended World War I?
treaty of versailles
217
