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Multiple questions Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

The tricuspid valve is located between

A

The right atrium and the right ventricle

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2
Q

The mitral valve is located between

A

the left atrium and the left ventricle

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3
Q

A semilunar valve lies between

A

the left atrium and the left ventricle

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4
Q

Which of the lower findings is correct?

A

It comes at the beginning of systole first to a slightly spirally twisted shape change of heart

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5
Q

The heart

A

has the fundamental characteristics that it responds to increasing stress with increased contractility

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6
Q

Which of the following structures is better developed in the cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscles ?

A

collagen fibers

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7
Q

The contractile component of the heart ( CC)

A

Is a striated muscle-like, based on actinomyosin filament system, contraction locking unit

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8
Q

The series-elastic component of the heart ( SEC)

A

is a fibre system that relaxes during diastole and during systole is contracted

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9
Q

The parallel arranged elastic component of the heart (PEC)

A

is contracted during diastole, stores energy that helps during the next systole in the contraction

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10
Q

The collagen fibre system of the heart

A

prevents the overstretch

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11
Q

In an isometric contraction:

A

increases the tone in the muscle fibres, but their length remains uncharged

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12
Q

In an isotonic contraction:

A

at a constant tone, the cardiac muscle fibres shorten

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13
Q

In an auxotonic contraction

A

at en ever-increasing tone the muscle fibres shorten

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14
Q

At the maximum filing of the heart

A

the collagen fibres stretch and suddenly they make a maximum resistance

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15
Q

The passive voltage curve of the heart muscle decreases steeper than that of striated muscle at a certain distance. The reason for that is:

A

are present in the heart of collagen fibres

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16
Q

The first phase of support contraction (‘preload’):

A

the isometric contraction

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17
Q

The first phase of the attack contraction (‘afterload’) is:

A

the isotonic contraction

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18
Q

Which substance is the parasympathetic Co-transmitter in the sinus node?

A

NPY

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19
Q

At the cellular level whereby the effect can be explained by the vagus nerve on the heart ?

A

The activation of muscarinic - ACh receptors

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20
Q

Where in the heart, the conduction is slowest?

A

the atrioventicular node

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21
Q

What does the species conduction from subendocardialen type ?

A

Cat

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22
Q

Which of the below mentioned species the conduction runs subepicardial:

A

horse

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23
Q

It is characteristic of the calcium- dependent calcium channels in the heart muscle that

A

they increase during the electromechanical coupling the outflow of Ca2+ from the SR

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24
Q

Which of the below mentioned proteins has the ability to perceive stress ?

A

L-type ( DHP-sensitive) calcium channel

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25
Which statement is correct?
The picture of the electrical activity of the entire hear we get when we add the ElectroAtrioGram the ElectrVenticularGram together
26
What is the correct order of ECG waves in a cardiac cycle?
C: P,Q,R,S,T
27
Which statement is true for the P-wave of the ECG?
it is wave of atrial depolarisation
28
The Vorhofrepolarisation lies between the
Q and R waves of the ECG
29
Which statement is true for the T-wave of the ECG?
The repolarisation of the chamber starts in epicardium and continues toward endocardium. This gives the horse a decisive downward T wave
30
The Vecto cardiography:
are mainly information on the function and anatomic location of the heart
31
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the shortest?
isovolumetric contraction
32
Which statement is correct for the cardiac cycle?
They systole and diastole of the atria and the chambers separated in time from each other, not quite: The systole of the atria occurs simultaneously with the diastole of the chambers
33
The diastole the chamber runs:
between sections I and II. the cardiac cycle
34
The protodiastole can
are perceived before isovolumetric relaxation
35
The reason for the incision to the pulse waveform of the aorta is:
the closure of the semilunar valve
36
During the cardiac cycle include the cuspidalen valves in the following order ( starting with the ventricular systole)
Mitral valve closes, the tricuspid valve closes, the tricuspid valve opens, the mitral valve opens
37
What causes the second heart sound?
by closure of the semilunar valve at the beginning of systole
38
The diagram shows Rushmer
the proportion of the active and passive components of the external cardiac work on
39
The overall work of the heart can be determined as follows:
D: Wg= O2 consumption x O2 energy equivalence
40
Which parameters is to determine the cardiac output necessary?
O2 consumption
41
The pathological increase of the volume of the ventricle decreases the effectiveness of the heart because
The larger chamber radius much greater wall tension is needed to the same pressure in the chamber to achieve
42
Which parameters of heart work can be neglected at rest ?
Kinetic work
43
The power of the hear
D: is the minute volume is equal, if we consider the mean arterial pressure as a constant
44
In the heart of tissue can be differentiated from the electrophysiological point of view mainly three excitable:
Working muscle, pacemaker fibres, thrill conductive fibres
45
For the working muscle fibres of the heart, it is characteristic:
The action potential in the working muscle fibres has a long plateau phase
46
Which of the factors listed below break away during the development of the action potential in cardiac muscle cells from the shortening of the plateau phase?
Potassium efflux
47
What phase of the action potential is due to the slow influx of calcium into existence in the cell?
The plateau phases of the action potential
48
Which route of the action potential in cardiac muscle we call absolute refractory period?
The distance between threshold potential and the end of the plateau phase
49
By what stretch of Aktionospontentials in the heart muscle may arise fibrillation?
super normal phase
50
The value of the excess (overshoot) in the pacemaker calls
+15 mV
51
The centre of normotepen impulse formation in the heart is:
In sinuatrial node
52
Which ion channels are responsible for the spontaneous diastolic depolarization?
Type I and Type-T calcium channels
53
The voltage of a stimulated cardiac muscle fibre decreases as we expand beyond their maximum length, because
Calcium is unable so strong contraction as Lmax trigger
54
For the elongation of the heart muscle, it is characteristic in that:
thereby increases the number of active cross-bridges
55
The working heart muscle fibres reach their maximum voltage at a sarcomere length of :
1.9-2.6 micrometers
56
The end-systolic volume is equal to:
stroke volume minus end- diastolic volume
57
Which of the following statements is correct?
SV= EDV-ESV
58
The Frank-Starling experiment demonstrates
The mechanical adaptability of the heart to the increased load
59
Which of the parameters listed below changes when we make the starling cardiopulmonary preparation higher the reservoir bottle?
heart rate
60
Which of the parameters listed below increases the first, if we increase the peripheral resistance of Starling cardiopulmonary preparation?
ESV
61
Where the physiological significance of the Frank Starling Law comes into play?
In connection with the charge in the venous returns when changing the posture
62
What is the compliance?
The charge in volume of the heart as a result of the pressure change per unit
63
Which parameters determine the end-diastolic volume during a cardiac cycle?
compliance of the chamber, the chamber preload, diastolic filing time
64
Why is the heart function in older animals a shifted leftward compliance curve characteristic?
Direct large venous pressure can not cause the same computer, as in young animals
65
What factors determine the end-systolic volume (ESV) in a cardiac cycle?
contractility, aortic
66
What factors determine the heart rate (FR) in a cardiac cycle?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
67
The contractility of the heart depends most of:
sympathetic effect from
68
When changing metabolic rate changes in the heart muscle...
Sm, and also the Vmax
69
Which of the below parameters can be calculated using the Fick principle?
Minute volume
70
According to Fick's principle
PTF = (total O2 consumption) / arteriovenous O2 difference

Physiology (8 decks)

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