Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurological Physiotherapy > Multiple Scerosis > Flashcards

Multiple Scerosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is MS

A

auto-immune disease of CNS which causes de-myelination of the myelin sheath around nerve axons, leading to the impairment of electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 4 types of MS

A
  • relapse - remitting
  • secondary progressive
  • primary progressive
  • benign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe relapse - remitting MS

A

symptoms occur then virtually completely resolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe secondary progressive MS

A
  • developed after relapse-remitting
  • incomplete recovery of symptoms and cumulative loss of function and disability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe primary progressive MS

A
  • progressive onset of symptoms with no relapses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe benign MS

A
  • defined as low disability 10 years after onset
  • may still progress to have major disability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the pathophysiology of MS

A

recurrent CNS inflammation results in damage to the myelin sheth surrounding nerve axons as well as the axons themselves.
- also causes a reduction in oligodendrocytes which are responsible for the myelination of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the suspected reason for inflammation of the CNS

A

autoimmune response against CNS antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the autoimmune response against CNS antigens to cause inflammation of the CNS

A
  • T cells are acitvated by an unkown cause an migrate across the blood brain barrier into the CNS
  • T cells then react with local CNS antigens
  • this then secretes proinflammatory cytokines and palsma cells secrete antibodies against myelin leading to its destruction
  • ongoing inflammatory process in the CNS recruits additional inflammatory cells
  • activated microglia release free radicals, nitric oxide and proteases which further contribute to damage and axonal loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are common early symptoms of MS

A
  • pathcy numbess
  • weakness
  • visual disturbance
  • fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some common central symptoms of MS

A
  • fatigue
  • congnitive impairment
  • depression
  • unstable mood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is diplopia

A

double vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is ataxia

A

a group of disorder that affect coordination, balance and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what ar common visul symptoms of MS

A
  • nystagmus
  • optic neuritis
  • diplopia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is nystagmus

A

rhythmical, repetitive and involuntary movement of the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is optic neuritis

A

inflammation of an optic nerve, causing blurred vision.

17
Q

what is a common speech symptom of MS

A

dysarthria

18
Q

what is dysarthria

A

where you have difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak.

19
Q

what is a common symptom of the throat for MS

A

dysphagia

20
Q

what is dysphagia

A

difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease.

21
Q

what are some common symptoms of the muskuloskeletal system of MS

A
  • weakness
  • spasms
  • ataxia
22
Q

what are some common sensational symptoms of MS

A
  • pain
  • hypoesthesia
  • paraesthesia
23
Q

what hypoesthesia

A

a symptom that involves extreme sensitivity in your sense of touch.

24
Q

what is paraesthesia

A

sensation of tingling, burning, pricking or prickling, skin-crawling, itching, “pins and needles” or numbness on or just underneath your skin.

25
Q

what are some common symptoms of the bowels of MS

A
  • incontinence
  • diarrhea
  • constipation
26
Q

what are some common symtoms affecting the unrinary system of MS

A
  • incontinence
  • frequency
  • retention
27
Q

what are some ways in which MS is diagnosed

A
  • via a lumbar punture for CSF analysis: increase in gamma globulin and presence of oligoclonal glands
  • via an MRI: T2 signal chnages, white matter abnormalities, contrast to show active inflammation
28
Q

what are some medications that help manage MS

A
  • anti-inflammatory steroids
  • immunotherapy: interferon (helps fight infection), dimethylfumarate (modulates immune respone to be less inflammatory
  • stem cell transplants
29
Q

what is the role of physiotherapy in helping MS patients

A
  • symptom specific management e.g. muscle tone, incontinence, mood
  • pacing strategies and fatigue management
  • falls prevention
  • family support
  • education
  • increase independence
  • aids and adaptions
  • onwards referral for long term conditions
  • improve mobility

Nurological Physiotherapy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions