muscle

Question 1

epimysium

Answer 1

irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle

Question 2

perimysium

Answer 2

surrounds the fascicles. the dense irregular connective tissue sheath of the perimysium contains extensive arrays of blood vessels and nerves that branch to supply muscle fascicle

Question 3

endomysium

Answer 3

is the innermost connective tissue layer. it is delicate, ardor connective tissue layer that surround and electrically insulates each muscle layer. it also contains reticular protein fibers to help bind together neighboring muscle fiber and support capillaries near these fibers

Question 4

tendon

Answer 4

a thick cordlike structure composed of dense regular connective tissue . attach to bone and muscle, skin or other muscle

Question 5

aponeurosis

Answer 5

a thin flattened sheet od dense irregular tissue (similar to tendon but different as listed above.)

Question 6

deep fascia

Answer 6

also called visceral r muscular fascia is an additional expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is external to the epimysium

Question 7

superficial fascia

Answer 7

the deep facia that is internal or deep to a layer

Question 8

vascularized

Answer 8

when a skeletal muscle has a network of many blood vessels

Question 9

innervated

Answer 9

skeletal muscles are controlled by motor neurons

Question 10

motor neurons

Answer 10

extend from the brain and spinal cord to the skeletal muscles

Question 11

axon

Answer 11

a long extension from the motor neuron that branches extensively to its motor end

Question 12

sarcoplasm

Answer 12

(sark=flesh) which is the cytoplasm of muscle fibers, contains the typical cellular structures such as the golgi apparatus, ribosome, and vesicles

Question 13

a skeletal muscle typically is between how many micrometers(um)

Answer 13

10 to 500 micrometers

Question 14

myoblast

Answer 14

fuse to form single skeletal muscle fibers during development. during this fusion process, each myoblast nucleus contributes to the eventual total number of nuclei in a fiber

Question 15

multinucleated cells

Answer 15

skeletal muscle

Question 16

sarcolemma

Answer 16

the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber

Question 17

t- tubules

Answer 17

extend to the muscle fiber as a network of narrow membrane tubules. na/ K pumps are located in this area. as well as both voltage gated na/k

Question 18

when the pumps in the t tubules pump out what is the result?

Answer 18

pumps out three na out of the muscle fiber for every 2 k pumped in .

Question 19

microfibrils

Answer 19

long cylindrical structure. about 1-2 micrometer in diameter and extend to the entire length go the muscle… about 80 % of the volume of the muscle fiber is composed of this

Question 20

myofilament

Answer 20

each myofibril contain bundles of muscle protein filament. make 2 types of myofilament: think, and think filament

Question 21

thick filament

Answer 21

assemble 200- 500 myosin protein molecules. consist in 2 strands . each has a globular head and an elongated tail. head contains binding site for actin. also site for atp

Question 22

thin filament

Answer 22

composed of actin protein that are twisted around each other to form a helical shape. in

Question 23

actin

Answer 23

protien binded to each other that are twisted around each other to form a helical shape, each strand (G, globular, actin) are connected to form a fibrous strand
(F, filamentous, actin)

Question 24

f action

Answer 24

resembles 2 beaded necklace that are twisted and intertwined together in g actin as the individual bead

Question 25

myosin binding site

Answer 25

each G- action has this kind of special site.

Question 26

tropomyosin

Answer 26

short, thin, twisted filament that is a string like protein.

Question 27

troponin

Answer 27

globular or ball- like protein attached to tropomyosin. binding site for Ca+

Question 28

sarcomere

Answer 28

myofilament and myfibribril are arranged in repeating microscopic cylinder units. each composed of overlapping thick filaments and thin filaments

Question 29

z disc

Answer 29

1

Question 30

i bands

Answer 30

1

Question 31

a band

Answer 31

1

Question 32

h zone

Answer 32

11

Question 33

m line

Answer 33

1

Question 34

connectin

Answer 34

called tintin a cable like protein the extends from the z disc o the m disc line through the core of each thick filament . stabilizes the thick filament alignment within the sarcomere. these are coiled an "spring like during contraction and are comprised . once rested this become elastic.

Question 35

neblulin

Answer 35

Appears to be an actin binding protein that is part of the i BAND of the sacromere. responsible for thin filament

Question 36

dystrophin

Answer 36

a protein complex that anchors myofibrils that are adjacent to the sarcolemma to proteins

Question 37

muslular dystrophy

Answer 37

caused by the abnormal structure or amounts of dystrophin protein

Question 38

myoglobin

Answer 38

a molecule unique to muscle tissue.reddish, globular protein

Question 39

motor unit

Answer 39

a single motor neuron and the muscle fiber that is controls

Question 40

synaptic knob

Answer 40

the expanded region of an axon.

Question 41

synaptic vesicles

Answer 41

small membrane sacs filled with act

Question 42

points about the synaptic knob

Answer 42

1. Ca pumps are embedded within 2. voltage gated ca channels are also embedded . the opening of these channels allows Ca to flow down its concentration gradient from the from the interstitial fluid into knob. 3. bc of negative charge, usually vesicles repeal (-charge is due to phosphate functional groups

Question 43

motor end plate

Answer 43

numerous fulds( junction folds and has many act recptors

Question 44

physiologic process of skeletal muscle junct

Answer 44

1. nuero muscular junction 2. sacrolemma, tububles , and sacroplasmic reticulum. 3. sacromere

Question 45

calicium entering snaptic knob

Answer 45

nerve signal triggers the opening of voltage gated Ca channels within the synaptic knob

Question 46

release of act from knob

Answer 46

binding Ca to synaptic vesicles trigger the merging of synaptic vesicles with the knob and resulting the exocytosis of Ach into the synaptic cleft. approx 300 vesicles are released per nerve signal

Question 47

binging of ACh at the motor end plate

Answer 47

Ach diffuses across the fluid- filled synaptic cleft to bind with ACh receptors within the motor end plate

Question 48

ach receptor are what

Answer 48

chemically gated ion channels. opening allows both Na to diffuse into muscle and K to diffuse out

Question 49

action potentential

Answer 49

triggers bc of EPP. has two effects:depolarization : causes the inside of the sarcolemma of the skeleton muscle fiber to become positive due to the influx of Na..and depolarization; returns the inside of the sarcolemma to its original negative resting membrane due to outward flow of K

Question 50

depolorization

Answer 50

11

Question 51

repolarization

Answer 51

1

Question 52

release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulumn

Answer 52

11

Question 53

cross bridge cycling

Answer 53

four steps are repeated:1. cross bridge formation( attaching myosin head to actin). 2 power stroke 3. release of myosin head from actin 4, resetting of myosin head

Question 54

crossbridge formation

Answer 54

myosin head is cocked position

Question 55

powerstoke

Answer 55

myosin head pulls the thin filament past the thick to the center of sarcomere. ADP AND Pi are released and atp binding site becomes available

Question 56

release of myosin head

Answer 56

ATP then binds to atp binding site which cause the release of the myosin head from the ATP binding site of actin

Question 57

reset of myosin head

Answer 57

atpase (enzyme of myosin head)splits ATP into ADP and P , providing the energy to reset the myosin head in the cocked position

Question 58

muscle fiber main three means for generating ATP

Answer 58

1. immediate supply of ATP: the phosphagen system: uses molecules that contain a high energy phosphate . this system is not dependent on presence of oxygen .

Question 59

rigor mortis

Answer 59

happens a few hours after heart stops.