muscle cards (O&I, actions, & exercises)

Question 1

Trapezius

Homecare & AIT

Answer 1

Homecare Stretch: Place a towel behind your back vertically one hand holding the bottom and one hand holding the top, then pull down with bottom hand.
AIT: Client supine, place hand closet to client on shoulder depressing it and other head on side of head and get client to rotate head towards depressed shoulder.

Question 2

trapezius O&I

Action

Answer 2

O: External occipital protuberance, medial ⅓ of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 - T12
I: Lateral ⅓ of clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
Action: side bend head & neck to same side
Rotate head & neck to opposite side

Question 3

Levator scapula Homecare, AIT, Isometric & Isotonic

Answer 3

Homecare stretch sit on hand and rotate your body and flex your neck to opposite side (smelling armpit).
AIT: Client supine, place hand closet to client on shoulder depressing it and other head on side of head and get client to rotate head towards depressed shoulder.
Isometric: (Specify which side) Resist neck flexion and rotation
Isotonic: Client side lying, rotate head towards shoulder off table.

Question 4

levator scapula O&I

Action

Answer 4

O: Transverse processes of 1st-4th cervical vertebra
I: Medial border of scapula (superior portion)
Action: Ipsilateral side bending of head and neck

Question 5

Latissimus Dorsi Homecare AIT, isometric, & isotonic

Answer 5

Homecare stretch: Client standing, with one had overhead flex to opposite side with rotation.
AIT: Client side lying, arm and shoulder extended above head. Place one hand on shoulder pulling backwards, and one hand on hip pushing forward.
Isometric: Supine, get client to resist adduction and flexion
Isotonic: Give client TheraBand, put arms above head pull TheraBand tight bringing arms down, back and out.

Question 6

Latissimus Dorsi O&I

Action

Answer 6

O: Spinous process of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliac crest
I: Intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: Extension & Adduction

Question 7

Teres Major Homecare, AIT, Isotonic, Isometric

Answer 7

Homecare Stretch: Palm on back of head & push elbow into doorway.
AIT: Client supine, depress their shoulder and bring their arm across the body. Get client to push against hand on arm.
Isometric: Bring arm across body and with opposite hand push elbow up & in. No Mov’t
Isotonic: TheraBand in doorway, holding it in the hand and medial rotate and adduct arm

Question 8

Teres Major O&I

Action

Answer 8

O: Posterior inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip of bicipital groove
Action: Adduction of humerus

Question 9

infraspinatus Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 9

Homecare stretch: Abduct shoulder, and place elbow on edge of door frame. Pull weight backwards.
AIT: Client supine, arm abducted to 90 degrees and placed in internal rotation, stabilize arm with one hand and wrist with other. Get client to externally rotate while resisting
Isometric: Put hand up and resist action
Isotonic: Hold weight in hand, placing elbow on side and externally rotate shoulder.

Question 10

Supraspinatus Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 10

Homecare: Horizontal adduction, pulling arm across.
AIT: Client prone, adduct arm across back and depress shoulder. Get client to try and abduct arm.
Isometric: Stand by wall and put wrist against it, trying to abduct the arm.
Isotonic: Standing with weight in hand and arm by side, abduct arm.

Question 11

Pect Major Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 11

Homecare stretch: Doorway stretch
AIT: Supine, getting client to come close to side of table. Abduct shoulder and flex elbow, getting client to adduct arm.
Isometric: Get client to adduct arm and resist
Isotonic: Standing, weight in hand with arm abducted. Bring weight out & together.

Question 12

Deltoid Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 12

Homecare stretch: Horizontal adduction, pulling arm across.
AIT: Client supine, adduct arm across body. Get client to try and abduct arm.
Isometric: Standing, weight in hand abduct shoulder keeping under 30 degrees holding it. No Mov’t
Isotonic: Standing with weight in hand and arm by side, abduct arm.

Question 13

Biceps brachii Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 13

Homecare stretch: Extension of arm and elbow with pronation.
AIT: Prone, elbow and shoulder extended with pronation of wrist. Get client to try and lower arm towards table.
Isometric: Sit on chair with hand on bottom of table, pushing up with hand.
Isotonic: Bicep curl with weight in hand, and shoulder flexion

Question 14

Brachialis Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 14

Homecare stretch: Extend elbow and wrist, pulling down on palm of hand.
AIT: Supine, extend their elbow and wrist, stabilizing at elbow. Get them to try and flex elbow.
Isometric: Sit on chair with hand on bottom of table, pushing up with hand.
Isotonic: Bicep curl

Question 15

Brachioradialis Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 15

Homecare stretch: Elbow & wrist extended, apply pressure at palm.
AIT: Supine, elbow extended, and wrist pronated. Resist elbow flexion.
Isometric: Supine, arm by side and wrist pronated. Resist elbow flexion.
Isotonic: Pronated bicep curl

Question 16

Triceps Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 16

Homecare stretch: Flex shoulder & elbow behind head, apply overpressure at the elbow with other hand or wall if needed.
AIT: Flex shoulder and elbow behind head, place one hand by elbow and one of arm and resist extension of shoulder and elbow.
Isometric: same as homecare but therapist applies over pressure
Isotonic: Weight in hand, tricep kick back

Question 17

Flexor carpi Radialis Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 17

Homecare stretch: Extend elbow & wrist and resist flexion
AIT: Arm & elbow extended, resist flexion of wrist.
Antagonist: Stretch position resist extension of wrist
Isometric: Supine, arm extended, and wrist supinated. Resist flexion.
Isotonic: Rest arm on leg while seated, weight in hand and flex wrist

Question 18

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 18

Homecare stretch: Flex elbow and flex wrist
AIT: Supine, elbow flexed, and wrist flexed. Resist extension
Isometric: Supine, arm extended resist wrist extension
Isotonic: Client seated, weight in hand and slightly over edge of table. And extend wrist

Question 19

Glut med. Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 19

Homecare: seated, leg in figure 4 position and knee slightly raised, and learn forward
AIT: Supine, externally rotate and adduct the hip (knee flexed) Resist bringing leg back to table
Isometric: Prone, knee flexed and therapist hand on medial malleolus. Resist internal rotation.
Isotonic: TheraBand in doorway and wrapped around effect sides ankle, externally rotate and abduct.

Question 20

Ilioposas Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 20

Stretch position: Prone, knee flexed and lift leg

Homecare Stretch: Lunge and rotate towards bent knee
AIT: Prone, stabilize the base of the sacrum and put in stretch position. Resist flexion
Isometric: Prone knee bent, push knee into table
Isotonic: TheraBand under unaffected foot and wrapped around affected sides knee. (hold with hand if needed) flex hip up and then back down.

Question 21

Hamstrings (Biceps femoris & semitendinosus): Homecare, AIT, Isometric, and isotonic

Answer 21

Homecare stretch Sat on floor put sole of foot (unaffected side) on opposite leg and bend forward
AIT: Supine, Hip flexed. Stabilize at ankle and knee applying a slight pressure at knee to ensure full extension. Resist bringing leg to table.
Isometric: Supine, push leg into table. Bend opposite knee
Isotonic: Wrap TheraBand around ankles with the unaffected leg slightly forward, extend affected hip backwards

Question 22

Rectus femoris: Homecare, AIT, isometric and isotonic

Answer 22

Homecare stretch: Stand on one foot and grab ankle stretching leg
AIT: Prone, with knee flexed stabilize at knee and extend hip. Resist hip flexion.
Isometric: Prone, bend knee and push into table
Isotonic: Wrap TheraBand around ankles with the unaffected leg slightly forward, extend affected hip backwards

Question 23

supinator Homecare, AIT, isometric and isotonic

Answer 23

Homecare stretch: Pronate wrist and resist supination
AIT: Supine, Pronate wrist. Resist supination
Isometric: Hold hands together and resist the action of supination.
Isotonic: TheraBand in doorway start with pronation and then supinate wrist

Question 24

Pronator Quadratus Homecare, AIT, isometric and isotonic

Answer 24

Homecare stretch: Supinate wrist and resist pronation
AIT: Supine, Supinate wrist. Resist pronation
Isometric: Hold hands together and resist pronation
Isotonic: TheraBand in doorway start with supination and then pronate wrist.

Question 25

Rectus femoris

Answer 25

AIT: prone extend hip and flex knee, resist hip flexion and knee extension. Client tries to bring leg to table therapist stabilizes above and below the knee, never on the knee. Self-stretch: get client to stabilizes themselves on a wall or table, then get them to flex their affected leg and hold Isometric: prone, get client to try and put affected leg through table or you can get them in supine and you resist it for them Isotonic (concentric and eccentric) : wrap theraband around the affected knee and then around the unaffected foot then get client to flex affected thigh.

Question 26

Vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius

Answer 26

AIT: get client in prone, flex the knee. Then get client to try and extend the knee. Therapist resist this action by stabilizing below the knee and above the ankle. Self-stretch: get client to stabilizes themselves on a wall or table, then get them to flex their affected leg and hold Isometric: prone, you flex the clients knee and then you resist extension of the knee. Stabilize at the lower leg. Isotonic (concentric and eccentric): prone, wrap theraband around affected foot. Flex knee and get client to hold the band then extend the knee (concentric) and then return to flexion slowly (eccentric).

Question 27

Gracilis:

Answer 27

AIT: supine, get client to abduct thigh, extend the knee, and laterally rotate. then therapist resists adduction of thigh and flexion of the knee and medial rotation. Self-stretch: place a harder object between legs and try to bring your legs together (adduction) this is done while the client is seated. Isometric: in supine resist adduction of the thighs. Isotonic (concentric and eccentric): in side lying, one leg is straight and the other is flexed (the one in front) then try and adduct.

Question 28

Hamstrings

Answer 28

AIT: client supine, get client to flex the hip and extend the knee, the resist hip extension and knee flexion by getting the client to try and bring their thigh to the table. Self-stretch: get client to sit on the floor then get them to put their unaffected sole of their foot on the affected straight leg and then bed forward. Isometric: get client in supine and then get them to try and but their leg through the table. Isotonic (concentric and eccentric): wrap theraband around the ankles with the unaffected foot slightly forward, then with the affected leg bring back (concentric) then slowly bring it back (eccentric).

Question 29

Gastroc

Answer 29

AIT: in supine, get client to extend knee and dorsiflex. Stabilize above the knee and bottom of the foot, then resist planterflexion and knee flexion Self-stretch: affected foot against a wall, extend knee and dorsiflex foot Isometric: spine, extend knee, then you resist knee flexion and planterflexion stabilize at upper knee and bottom if the foot. Isotonic (concentric and eccentric): supine, get a theraband and wrap around affected foot (concentric is planterflexion and = dorsiflexion is eccentric). *this is done the same for soles but soleus you add knee flexion*

Question 30

tibialis posterior

Answer 30

AIT: supine, you get client into dorsiflexion and eversion, then you resist planter flexion and inversion stabilize at bottom of the foot. Isotonic: theraband around affected foot, concentric you planterflex and invert and eccentric you let ur foot come back slowly into dorsiflexion and eversion. Isometric: get into dorsiflexion and eversion resist planter flexion and inversion of the foot stabilize at the bottom of the foot. Self-stretch:

Question 31

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 31

AIT: supine, extend toes and dorsiflex, then resist planter flexion and toe flexion. Isometric: extend the toes and dorsi flex then you resist planter flexion and toe flexion. Isotonic: theraband around affected foot, concentric you planter flex and invert and eccentric you let your foot come back slowly into dorsiflexion and eversion. Self-stretch:

Question 32

Fibularis longus and brevis

Answer 32

AIT: get client in supine, then invert the foot and dorsi flex, then the therapist resists eversion and planter flexion. Isometric: get client in supine, then invert the foot and dorsi flex, then the therapist resists eversion and planter flexion. Isotonic: theraband around affected foot then you tell them to planer flex (concentric) and then dorsi flex (eccentric). Self-stretch:

Question 33

tibialis anterior

Answer 33

AIT: in supine get client into planter flexion and eversion, then resist dorsi flexion and inversion Isometric: same as hold relax AIT Isotonic: resist dorsi flexion and inversion with your own foot self-stretch:

Question 34

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 34

AIT: get client into supine and planter flex their foot and flex toes, therapist resists dorsi flexion and toe extension. Isometric: same as AIT Isotonic: Self-stretch: