Muscle Composition (Exam 2)

Question 1

What are the 4 primary tissues?

Answer 1

Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue

Question 2

Look at the internal structure of a skeletal muscle cell

Answer 2

Look at the internal structure of a skeletal muscle cell

Question 3

What is the most abundant component of muscle composition?

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

What is the percentage of water in muscle?

Answer 4

75%

Question 5

What is the percentage of protein in muscle?

Answer 5

18.5%

Question 6

What is the percentage of lipids in muscle?

Answer 6

3%

Question 7

What is the percentage of non-protein nitrogen in muscle?

Answer 7

1.5%

Question 8

What is the percentage of carbohydrates in muscle?

Answer 8

0.8%

Question 9

What is the percentage of inorganics in muscle?

Answer 9

1%

Question 10

What is the relationship between total fat content and moisture?

Answer 10

Inverse

Question 11

What is moisture the carrier of?

Answer 11

Carrier of intra and inter cellular constituents

Question 12

What does moisture affect?

Answer 12

Initial juices

Question 13

What sustains juices?

Answer 13

Fat

Question 14

What is the least variable component of meat?

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

What is the problem with meat in the world? Why is that a problem?

Answer 15

There is a world wide shortage

It is the most critical nutrient tin the diet

Question 16

What is the building block of proteins?

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

What are the 2 functional groups of amino acids?

Answer 17

Amino

Carboxyl

Question 18

What are the essential amino acids/proteins? (9)

Answer 18

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 19

What amino acid is extremely important for children?

Answer 19

Arginine

Question 20

What are the 3 main types of proteins?

Answer 20

Myofibrillar
Sarcoplasmic
Stromal

Question 21

How much of muscle weight is myofibrillar?

Answer 21

9.5%

Question 22

What are the principal myofibrillar?

Answer 22

Actin and myosin

Question 23

How much of muscle weight is sarcoplamsic?

Answer 23

6%

Question 24

What are the 2 types of sarcoplasmic proteins?

Answer 24

Enzymes and pigments

Question 25

What are the 2 principal pigments?

Answer 25

Myoglobin and hemoglobin

Question 26

What does hemoglobin do?

Answer 26

Carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells

Question 27

What does myoglobin do?

Answer 27

Stores oxygen in the cells

Question 28

Why do blue whales, sperm whales, and seals have higher percentages myoglobin?

Answer 28

The need be able to hold oxygen for longer periods of time since they stay under water for a while

Question 29

How much of muscle weight is stromal?

Answer 29

3%

Question 30

What is the most abundant muscle protein?

Answer 30

Collagen

Question 31

What can collagen affect?

Answer 31

Tenderness

Question 32

What does collagen do at 65ºC?

Answer 32

Degrades to gelatin

Question 33

How much of the total body protein is collagen?

Answer 33

20-25%

Question 34

What does collagen require?

Answer 34

Vitamin C

Question 35

What muscles are a type of elastin protein?

Answer 35

Ligamentum nuchae | Longissimus dorsi

Question 36

What does elastin do?

Answer 36

Gives elasticity to arterial walls

Question 37

What was hormel animal protein product used to make?

Answer 37

Car parts

Question 38

What do lipids influence?

Answer 38

Flavor, juiciness, and caloric content ofmeat

Question 39

How much fat content does a muscle with a "Devoid" marbling score have?

Answer 39

1.5%

Question 40

What are the 3 types of lipids?

Answer 40

Neutral lipids Phospholipids Cholesterol

Question 41

Know the structure of neutral lipids

Answer 41

Know the structure of neutral lipids

Question 42

Know what a saturated fatty acid looks like

Answer 42

Know what a saturated fatty acid looks like

Question 43

What is the building block of triglycerides and fat?

Answer 43

Fatty acids

Question 44

What makes simple triglycerides?

Answer 44

Same fatty acids

Question 45

What makes mixed triglyceride?

Answer 45

Different fatty acids

Question 46

What is a saturated fatty acid? Example?

Answer 46

No double bond | Stearic acid

Question 47

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid? Example?

Answer 47

One double bond | Oleic acid

Question 48

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid? Example?

Answer 48

Two or more double bonds | Linoleic acid

Question 49

What are phospholipids?

Answer 49

Compounds containing phosphorus and lipids

Question 50

What is an example of phospholipids?

Answer 50

Ethanolamine

Question 51

What are 2 things to remember about phospholipids?

Answer 51

Degree of saturation compared with triglycerides that allows for oxidation Biological functions and shelf life implication

Question 52

What is cholesterol require for?

Answer 52

Hormone function and cell wall integrity

Question 53

How much of the body's needs of cholesterol is consumed? Manufactured?

Answer 53

20% | 80%

Question 54

If we don't eat enough cholesterol, what does the body do?

Answer 54

Manufactures more

Question 55

What will non-protein nitrogen do?

Answer 55

Flavor the meat

Question 56

What is the best example of carbohydrates?

Answer 56

Glycogen

Question 57

What is glycogen?

Answer 57

Storage form composed of glucose units

Question 58

What are minerals measure as?

Answer 58

Ash after burning samples

Question 59

What minerals is meat are particularly good source for?

Answer 59

Iron and zinc

Question 60

What is iron in meat like?

Answer 60

In a heme form that is more readily available than iron from plants

Question 61

What is zinc in?

Answer 61

Many enzymes and hormones, including sex hormones

Question 62

What is caul fat?

Answer 62

Fat around the stomach

Question 63

What is mesenteric fat?

Answer 63

Fat around the intestine

Question 64

What is leaf fat?

Answer 64

Fat under the flank