Muscle movement

Question 1

What type of muscle testing involves contraction of a muscle?

Answer 1

Isometric muscle testing

Question 2

What are the 3 ways to test the function of a muscle?

Answer 2

Active
Passive
Isometric

Question 3

With a complete rupture of a tendon what would the test findings be?

Answer 3

Active- lost
Passive- normal
Resisted- weak and painless

Question 4

With a ligament sprain what would the test findings be?

Answer 4

Active- decreased and painful
Passive- decreased and painful
Resisted- normal

Question 5

With a muscle strain what would the test findings be?

Answer 5

Active- painful, possibly diminished
Passive- loss of movement, painful
Resisted- pain

Question 6

A traumatic episode that damages contractile tissue is called?

Answer 6

Strain- muscle, tendon

Question 7

What is damage to capsule or ligaments and the most common injury to non-contractile tissue?

Answer 7

Sprain- ligaments, joint capsule, bursa, cartilage

Question 8

What are the 4 types of strains?

Answer 8

Traumatic
Exertional- overuse or fatigue
Postural- overuse from statically sustained position
Mechanical-poor body mechanics

Question 9

A recent incident in which a joint is taken to a greater than normal ROM usually leads to a?

Answer 9

Ligament sprain- pain usually localized

Question 10

What are the 3 common causes of a muscle strain?

Answer 10

Isotonic or isometric contraction
Over stretching
Prolonged isometric contraction

Question 11

What are the 3 grades of a muscle/tendon strain?

Answer 11

1- less than 33% tearing, minor stretching, no palpable defect
2- 33-66% tear, palpable defect
3- extensive tearing >66% or complete rupture, large palpable depression

Question 12

Which type of contraction causes muscle shortening?

Answer 12

Concentric

Question 13

Which type of contraction causes muscle lengthening?

Answer 13

Eccentric

Question 14

Which type of contraction causes muscle to shorten but cant overcome the load?

Answer 14

Isometric

Question 15

Movement of joint and Shortening or lengthening of muscle is constant

Answer 15

Isokinetic

Question 16

Resistance against muscle causes constant contraction

Answer 16

Isoinertial

Question 17

Load on a muscle is constant throughout ROM

Answer 17

Isotonic

Question 18

what are 3 common joint distracting or angulation tests that cause pain with a ligament sprain?

Answer 18

knee varus or valgus
gaenslens- sacroiliac ligaments
extremes or vertebral flexion or extension

Question 19

what is a primary feature of sprains or internal joint disorders that distinguishes it from a muscle sprain or injury?

Answer 19

isometric/ resisted muscle contraction causes little to no pain, particularly after the setting of position by shunt muscle contraction

Question 20

pressure or irritation of spinal cord or nerve roots prior to exiting vertebral foramen

Answer 20

nerve root lesion

Question 21

what 3 things test for nerve root compression?

Answer 21

sensation (dermatome)
motor function (myotome)
reflex

Question 22

what tract is being tested when testing light touch?

Answer 22

anterior spinothalmic

Question 23

what tract is involved with pain and temperature?

Answer 23

lateral spinothalmic

Question 24

what tract is involved with vibration?

Answer 24

dorsal columns

Question 25

what are a group of muscles supplied by a single anterior spinal nerve root?

Answer 25

myotomes

Question 26

a lesion of the corticospinal tract is what type of lesion?

Answer 26

UMNL

Question 27

a lesion of the final common pathway is what type of lesion?

Answer 27

LMNL

Question 28

what are the grades of muscle contraction?

Answer 28

5- normal; complete ROM 4- GOOD; complete ROM with some resistance 3- FAIR; complete ROM enough to put joint through range 2- POOR; complete ROM with gravity eliminated 1- TRACE; can feel muscle contract but no joint movement 0- no evidence of contraction

Question 29

tendon reflex aka

Answer 29

myotatic stretch reflex- sudden stretch of skeletal muscle that results in reflex contraction of that muscle

Question 30

what 3 things are evaluated when testing a reflex?

Answer 30

speed of reaction vigor of response length of contraction

Question 31

grading of reflexes

Answer 31

``` 0- reflex absent 1- reflex low to normal 2- normal 3- brisk 4- very brisk ```

Question 32

what type of muscle pain would a patient feel with a nerve root lesion?

Answer 32

deep muscle pain

Question 33

what is a physiologic injury to a nerve with no anatomic damage present?

Answer 33

neurapraxia- recovery within a few hours to days

Question 34

what is a complete loss of both physiologic and anatomic function of nerve fiber and sheath. can only be fixed with surgery?

Answer 34

neurotmesis

Question 35

a palsy caused by median nerve compression from lover's head resting on arm

Answer 35

bridegroom palsy

Question 36

a palsy of the radial nerve from arm hanging over side of chair

Answer 36

saturday night palsy